The main parties on a bill of lading are（). A. shipper B. consignee C. notify party D. f

A．Some externality problems could be resolved through assignment of property rights．

B．Once property rights are assigned,people can reach negotiations to make best use of resources,no matter how many people are affecteD

C．We must take into account which of the two parties is given the property right．

D．It is the best way to solve the external costs．

31. What's the relationship between the Democratic Party and the Democratic Republican Party in the United States？

32. Who was the first Democratic President in the American history？

33. What' s the symbol of the Democratic Party？

34. Which party agreed to abolish slavery？

35. What is the main content of the passage？

Task 5

Directions: The following is a Call for Partnership（征求合作伙伴）advertised in a newspaper. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words) should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.

In order to hold an outstanding Olympic Games, the Beijing Organizing Committee issues this Call for Expression of Interest in the project of Beijing 2008 Partner. Interested parties are invited to participate in the procedure and submit their declaration of interest and related supporting documents.

General Terms and Conditions of Participation

1. Applicants must be able to contribute sufficient funds, products and related services to meet the demands of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

2. Applicants must possess , financial and technical capabilities.

3. Applicants must enjoy a positive social image, good reputation and excellent business record.

4. Applicants undertake not to associate their response to this call and participation in the procedure with any of their commercial activities.

56. What is the main purpose of this Call for Expression of Interest？

To invite _____________ to participate in the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

57. Who is the issuer of this Call for Expression of Interest？

？ We have some party ideas for your birthday. Friends are always special. There are a lot of special memories associated with your friendship. The camping trips,fishing or parties are special to you because of the friendship. Here we have some tips for you to organize a fantastic birthday party for your friend. Go ahead and have some fun with your friends.

Decide a location to have the party. It may be your room or your backyard. But whatever you choose,consider a place which is a bit spacious. If you don't have enough space in your house,you can also hire the local church hall or any other rental (出租的) place.

Save money by yourself to host the party or you can ask your parents for help.

Choose a theme for the party. If your friend likes aliens then you can have an alien theme for the party. Consider your friend's choice as the first preference.

Select the menus wisely so that all your guests will have a hearty (丰盛的) meal. And remember to serve the meal warm-heartedly.

1. According to the passage, some activities are special because of（）.

A.memories

B.money

C.the meal

D.friendship

2. The underlined word “location”means “（）”

A.place

B.society

C.garden

D.playground

3. There are（）tips in the passage.

A.three

B.our

C.five

D.six

4. Which is NOT true according to the passage？（）

A.we can rent a place to the birthday party

B.We should save money to hold the birthday party

C.We can't choose an alien theme for the birthday party

D.We can select the menus to make guests have a good meal

5. The main idea of the passage is（）.

A.how to choose a theme for a party

B.how to have birthday parties

C.how to make good friends

D.how to choose a place for a party

Directions: The following is a Call for Partnership(征求合作伙伴)advertised in a newspaper. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words) should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.

In order to hold an outstanding Olympic Games, the Beijing Organizing Committee issues this Call for Expression of Interest in the project of Beijing 2008 Partner. Interested parties are invited to participate in the procedure and submit their declaration of interest and related supporting documents.

General Terms and Conditions of Participation

1. Applicants must be able to contribute sufficient funds, products and related services to meet the demands of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

2. Applicants must possess , financial and technical capabilities.

3. Applicants must enjoy a positive social image, good reputation and excellent business record.

4. Applicants undertake not to associate their response to this call and participation in the procedure with any of their commercial activities.

56. What is the main purpose of this Call for Expression of Interest？

To invite _____________ to participate in the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

57. Who is the issuer of this Call for Expression of Interest？

The ____________________________________ of the 2008 Olympic Games.

58. What must the applicants do to meet the demands of the 2008 Olympic Games？

Contribute sufficient funds, products, and ___________________________.

59. What is required of the applicants in terms of social image？

They must enjoy a ___________________________________ social image.

60. What should applicants undertake not to do？

Associate their response and participation with any of their __________.

International Trade Terms

An intemational trade deal can involve up to four contracts and the importer must have a broad understanding of each of them. The four contracts are the contract of carriage , the export sales contract , the insurance contract and the contract of finance. There are three main areas of uncertainty as to which country's law will be applicable to their contracts; the difficulty emerging from inadequate and unreliable information; and the serious problem of the diversity of interpretation of th e various trade terms. The latter point can involve costly litigation and loss of much goodwill when a dispute over the interpretation of such terms arises.

The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country.

It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties willoverride[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions.

A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly.

The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, andhas no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers' obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyer's benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer.

Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange.

[1]比……重要

[2]与……没有直接或间接关系

Questions for reading :

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.out

Voyage chartering contact is issued between two parties,NVOCC and charter.( )

The parties concerned may choose the arbitrator from the Arbitration Organization. ( )

By writing out a contract and having both parties sign the contract you are () both parties involvled.

A: protecting

B: avoiding

C: offending

D: harming