He stressed that the disadvantages of the change would _____ its advantages.A、overtake

stressed one. E.g withoyt cause be he pleased, without.()

A．he had never

B．never had he

C．never he had

D．had he never

s his situation(1)_____ but also needs help which, (2)_____ you are not incapable yourself, you can and do(3)______—is key to Simon Baron-Cohens thesis in "Zero Degrees of Empathy". He reckons that only those who can empathise with their fellow man and who(4)_____ act in a considerate way can hope to be without malice. Cruelty(5)_____ failing to empathise with others,(6)_____ through being inconsiderate or through wilfully ignoring their pain. Some people lack empathy(7)______, others switch it off when they are tired, stressed or(8)______—telling a child not to bother you because you are working,(9)_____—and experience regret for their harsh words when their empathy(10)_____. Those whose minds(11)_____ consider their fellow traveller are not bad but(12)______, Mr. Baron-Cohen argues. For some, there is a genetic (13)_____ for why crucial parts of their brains seem disengaged while other people suffer. For others, activity in those brain areas has been subdued by some awful(14)_____ in childhood. The author champions his own parents for instilling in him(15)_____ he calls an "internal pot of gold"—a measure of self-reliance and self-confidence which he thinks is(16)_____ for developing empathy. Children learn to consider the thoughts of other people(17)_____ the minds of those who (18)_____ them are safe places to enter. A child whose mother wishes he(19)_____ exist will not want to carefully consider the thought, and will fail to develop empathy(20)_____.

(1)

A．embarrassing

B．bewildering

C．rewarding

D．challenging

fessionals reveal their favorite methods.

Comfort with food. When diet expert Judith Wurtman is stressed out, she does what a lot of people do this time of year: she reaches for food .But in her case, it’s a healthy rice cake or two. “My research suggests that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) raise levels of a brain chemical, which has a calming effect on the entire body,” says the MIT research scientist. “So signs of stress — such as anger, tension, and inability to focus — are eased.”

Run from your problems. Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper, who popularized aerobics (有氧运动) through his1968 book by that name, handles his own stress with a daily after-work run. He knows that physical activity reduces anxiety and depression. “Aerobic exercise is the best way to dissipate stress,”says Cooper.

Look to the light side. On his way to the hospital where his father was to have surgery Joel Goodman shared a hotel bus with anxious relatives of several patients. The driver began telling his stressed-out passengers a few jokes. “Then he did some magic tricks that had my mother and me laughing.” Goodman says. “In that five-minute ride he taught us that humor can lessen our stress.”

The surgery was successful, and Goodman was so moved by his experience that he researched laughter’s power. “A good laugh relaxes muscles, reduces blood pressure, restrains stress-related hormones and enhances the immune system (免疫系统),” he says.

Go green. Coffee, loaded with hidden sources of caffeine, stimulates (刺激) the nervous system and can make you feel stressed more easily. That’s why Arizona Doctor Andrew Weil, author of best seller Spontaneous Healing, does not take caffeine. “When I want gentle energy, I drink green tea. It contains a caffeine-like element”, Weil says. It also contains compounds that, some studies suggest, have anti-cancer effects.

16. The following are ways to free you from stress EXCEPT__________.

A. looking at things in a more relaxed way

B. getting a lot of sleep during the day

C. eating some food with carbohydrates

D. doing some aerobic exercise

17. Eating or drinking the following can be helpful in freeing you from stress EXCEPT________.

A. drink green tea B. eat some bread

C. eat some rice cake D. drink a lot of coffee

18. A good laugh is very helpful EXCEPT to__________.

A. reduce blood pressure B. restrain stress-related hormones

C. enhance the immune system D. take a holiday

19. What is the meaning of the word “dissipate” in the part “Rum from your problems”？

A. lessen. B. Depress. C. Disturb. D. Level.

20. Which of the following group of people can have a happier life, according to passage？

A. Those who are continuously eating something.

B. Those who are always engaged in working.

C. Those who use right methods to reduce tension.

D. Those who study medicine or psychology.

he immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system.

Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness, is one of the most harmful factors in depression.

One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (便形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.

Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______

A．was altered

B．was strengthened

C．was weakened

D．was not affected

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people&39;s mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the European Centre for Environment and Human Health at the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons,” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with all those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery(彩票)winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people&39;s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many of the other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better

With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”

According to one study, what do green spaces do to people？

A.Improve their work efficiency

B.Add to their sustained happiness

C.Help them build a positive attitude towards life

D.Lessen their concerns about material well-being

What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier？A.Earn more money

B.Gain fame and popularity

C.Settle in an urban area

D.Live in a green environment

What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area？A.How it affects different people

B.How strong its effect is

C.How long its positive effect lasts

D.How it benefits physically

What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment？A.Their stress was more apparent than real

B.Their decisions required less deliberation

C.Their memories were greatly strengthened

D.Their communication with others improved

According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities？A.Find financial support

B.Improve urban planning

C.Involve local residents in the effort

D.Raise public awareness of the issue

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

f education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S..A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.

Unlike Washington, whose roots were is southern black agriculture, Du Bois's career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bols approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city's black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bols's Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.

Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public s chooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.

As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth," according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.

Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Bois's political stand was ______.

A．less popular.

B．more radical.

C．less aggressive.

D．more conservative.

harles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to balance its import and export trade.

French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone longranged developments. Essential imports had stretched (使…紧张) the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation(通货膨胀) affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the workers'income. Wages, it is true, had risen. Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state, and there was fulltime and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious(危险的) and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.

The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete (使减少、使枯竭) the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers employed abroad would only in crease the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.

In the view of Charles Deschanel, ______ was significant for industrial production.

A．improving quality of products

B．increasing quantity of products

C．increasing the number of imported products

D．improving working conditions

er forecast (预报) first to see whether there will be rain or not. Your father turns on the television and the family listens to the B-32 make the weather report.

"It will be partly cloudy tomorrow morning, B-33 clearing by early afternoon. The high tomorrow will be 85."

As there will be no rain, the whole family feels B-34 . Without the weather forecast, you would not know this, and you would just have to take your chances. But now you can plan your picnic B-35 worrying whether it will rain or not.

The man you can thank for this is Cleveland Abbe. He is known as the father of the weather bureau. He was the first person to publish B-36 weather forecasts in the United States.

Abbe began his daily weather bulletins (简报) in 1869. They were based on weather B-37 he drew from telegraphed reports of weather conditions. Because of their accuracy (准确), the reports were B-38 .

Congress (国会) became B-39 in Abbe's weather reports. They made Abbe a meteorologist (someone who studies weather conditions), and he B-40 issuing (发布) forecasts three times a day. He was the first official forecaster of the U.S. Weather Service. Because he often forecast probable storms, Abbe earned the nickname of "Old Probabilities."

You and your family are planning a picnic for tomorrow. But you want to B-31 the weather forecast (预报) first to see whether there will be rain or not. Your father turns on the television and the family listens to the B-32 make the weather report.

"It will be partly cloudy tomorrow morning, B-33 clearing by early afternoon. The high tomorrow will be 85."

B-31. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、produce

B、spread

C、check

D、organize

B-32. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、fireman

B、postman

C、fisherman

D、weatherma

B-33. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、so

B、but

C、after

D、because

B-34. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、happy

B、worried

C、stressed

D、curious

B-35. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、about

B、without

C、against

D、from

B-36. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、online

B、polluted

C、daily

D、indoor

B-37. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、maps

B、stations

C、space

D、centres

B-38. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、strange

B、popular

C、terrible

D、useless

B-39. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、successful

B、similar

C、bored

D、interested

B-40. Which is the best one to fill in the blank？

A、avoided

B、began

C、minded

D、Risked

A.quiet

B.outgoing

C.active

D.stressed out