题目
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness, is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (便形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______
A.was altered
B.was strengthened
C.was weakened
D.was not affected
第1题
1. Every person has his or her ups and downs.()
2. A common saying “You win some and you lose some” means that sometimes we succeed and sometimes we fail.()
3. Ninety nine percent of successful businessmen achieved great success on their first try.()
4. Successful businessmen learn through failure.()
5. Businesses either shrink or remain the same.()
第2题
1. Every person has his or her ups and downs.()
2. A common saying “You win some and you lose some” means that sometimes we succeed and sometimes we fail.()
3. 99% of successful businessmen achieved great success on their first try.()
4. Successful businessmen learn through failure.()
5. Businesses either shrink or remain the same.()
第3题
“As I've said many times … the data are really just at best suggestive. There have been some cases that show there may be an effect, and there are others to show there's no effect, so I think, in terms of science, I don't think we can definitely say it works.”()
A.Maybe it works, maybe it doesn’t.
B.Only heaven knows whether it works.
C.Most credible evidence presently available suggests that this drug fails to assist patients suffering from coronavirus infection
D.It only works (sometimes) if you believe in it.
第4题
第5题
ll kinds of illnesses,(1)backache to severe headaches, or even more serious complaints such as high blood pressure.
Many of us think(2)stress as something that other people impose on us. We often complain about how other people put us(3)pressure. But we should try not to let such pressure affect us. We should not forget that we are largely responsible for some of the stress ourselves. We sometimes take(4)more work than our bodies and our minds can handle. We should learn to(5)our limitations. We should be aware of which things are really important and which are not.
第6题
A.AEBDC
B.BDCAE
C.DABEC
D.BEACD
第7题
阅读材料,回答题。
When we want to____51 ____other people what we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways. For example, we sometimes move our heads____ 52 ____when we want to say "yes", and we move our heads from side to side when we want to say "no" .
People who can neither hear nor speak talk to each other with the help of their fingers. People who do not understand each other’s language have to do the same. The following story shows____53 ____they sometimes do it.
An English man who could not speak Italian was____ 54,____travelling in Italy. One day he entered a restaurant and sat 55 a table. When the waiter came, the Englishman opened his mouth, put his fingers into it,____ 56____them out again and moved his lip. In this way he meant to say, "____57____ me something to eat. " The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn’t want tea, so he took it away and brought him____ 58____ coffee. The Englishman was angry. He was just going to leave the restaurant____59____ another traveller came in. When this man saw the waiter, he put his hands on his stomach. That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of bread and meat____60____his table.
__________ 查看材料
A.say
B.Speak
C.tell
D.Talk
第8题
We may think of all of these as our needs. Yet most of us would be far from satisfied if we had nothing more than these which are supplied for us. (78) We all enjoy extra income to spend on things like books, sports or hobbies. Sometimes we save some of this extra income to pay for future expense of this type on holidays. So we must add our wants to our basic needs. Our standard of living is the degree, to which these needs and wants are satisfied.
But as time goes on, what we think of as our basic needs changes. Twenty years ago a television would have been a luxury, and still is in many countries now. Even now we cannot say it is a need in the same sense as food, clothing and shelter. Yet if most of the people of a country have one, it comes to be accepted as a need. It is possible therefore to have food, clothing and shelter and still be poor by the standards of our own society.
What we need in life is divided into ______according to this article.
A.the basic necessities and luxury
B.many kinds of need such as food, clothing and houses
C.four groups the basic necessities, luxury, reliable income and future expense
D.the basic necessities and reliable income
第9题
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade pupils just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and as-signments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do ad-vanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is ______.
A.critical
B.questioning
C.approving
D.objective
第10题
What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,
as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__
escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4__exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5__
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they “collapse” and sometimes a supernova occurs.
The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf” of a “neutronstar”—
a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of __6___its own gravity. But if the star is very large, this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results in. Imagine the earth reduced to the __7__size of a marble, but still having the same masses and a stronger __8__gravitational pull, and you have some ideas of the force of a black hole. __9__And no matter near the black hole is sucked in. __10__
第11题
阅读材料,回答题。
What do we mean by a satisfactory standard of living? Obviously, it must include the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing and shelter. To get these necessities on regular basis, a person must have a reliable income. But we have other needs which would probably also be included as basic, such as health and education facilities.
We may think of all of these as our needs. Yet most of us would be far from satisfied if we had nothing more than these which are supplied for us. We all enjoy extra income to spend on things like books, sports or hobbies. Sometimes we save some of this extra income to pay for future expense of this type on holidays. So we must add our wants to our basic needs. Our standard of living is the degree, to which these needs and wants are satisfied.
But as time goes on, what we think of as our basic needs changes. Twenty years ago a television would have been a luxury, and still is in many countries now. Even now we cannot say it is a need in the same sense as food, clothing and shelter. Yet if most of the people of a country have one, it comes to be accepted as a need. It is possible therefore to have food, clothing and shelter and still be poor by the standards of our own society.
What we need in life is divided into __________ according to this article. 查看材料
A.the basic necessities and luxury
B.many kinds of need such as food, clothing and houses
C.four groups the basic necessities, luxury, reliable income and future expense
D.the basic necessities and reliable income
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