We consider it no use () these figures by heart.

A、when will we start our journey

B、when we will start our journey

C、If we will start our journey

D、will we start our journey

-Can you tell us why you think this makes good business sense to you？ -We've been doing quite well on our own and we could probably survive like this for quite a few more years to come, but if we really want to take it to the next level, ____________.

：A the board of directors needn't take the present economic situation into consideration ;

B it's not necessary for us to develop the company any more ;

C we are going to have to consider finding more investors

A.from being a big firm to being one of the medium-tier players

B.from being a medium-tier firm to being one of the big players

C.from being a medium-tier firm to being one of the small players

dle anything he needs to ___3___.But there are ___4___ little exceptions.Let us consider, for __5___, forms of ___6___ to strangers.Quite often we need to __7____ a person’s attention to something ____8__ has just dropped out of ____9___ or handbag., or to the _10_____that he is just going to walk into a plate glass door.

-But then we'll have to accept a Board of Directors chosen by our stockholders. Wouldn't that limit us in many ways？ -Certainly. But if you consider the massive capital investment that we'll receive, you'll understand that this could take our company ------ .

：A from being a big firm to being one of the medium-tier players ;

B from being a medium-tier firm to being one of the big players ;

C from being a medium-tier firm to being one of the small players

A: Very well, we have settled everything about this transaction, except the terms of payment.

B: As you know, we prefer the L/C 20 days in advance which expires 15 days after receiving the paking list.

A: I suppose you have known our financial standing and credit well now after our long-term cooperation．We know an irrevocable L/C can ensure that the seller gets payment duly．But, on the other hand, it would increase the buying cost．Therefore, could you consider giving us D/P this time？

B: I am sorry．But our rules only allow us to accept other terms of payment by L/C, although the buyer has had two or three transactions with us before.

A: But why not if you have known the buyer's credit after several deals？

B: We hope you can understand．We have got some serious lessons from the credulity．One of them was through D/P documentary collection．When the shipment worth US ＄50000 was effected, the buyer refused to make the payment．But we can do nothing with it．And that buyer had had one or two deals before this one.

A: I see．But the flexible terms of payment will definitely bring you more orders as well as facilitate the buyers' purchasing.

B: Sure．We don't mean we won't accept other terms of payment forever．As a matter of fact, we will do so when we have known well about the buyer's credit after a real long-term cooperation.

Gentlemen,

Your name has been brought to our (141) as one of the reliable importers. Therefore, I am writing with a keen interest in having business with you.

We have been engaged in exporting goods to all over the world, enjoying a good reputation for many years. Thanks to our excellence in conducting export business and close connections with the best sources of supply, we may well be sure that (142) you favorably consider our proposal, we are in a position to supply you with our goods at competitive prices. I am (143) sending you a copy of our complete catalog in which we trust you will find something that would suit for your trade. If you would care to deal with us, we shall be pleased to give you further details of business.

For any information respecting our standing and reputation, don't hesitate to contact us.

We look forward to your early and favorable reply.

Yours truly,

John Gray, General Director

(41)

A．objective

B．destination

C．eagerness

D．attention

Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to 【C1】______ , to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, 【C2】______ world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it 【C3】______ to human behavior. we infer meaning and 【C4】______ to make the behavior. understandable. 【C5】______ all this means is that people develop "quasi theories" of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in a/an 【C6】______ scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know 【C7】______ humans do the things they do.

Let's consider an example. In the United States people have been 【C8】______ with tile increasing a mount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be victims. But it 【C9】______ bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen？ We develop quasi theories. We 【C10】______ concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we 【C11】______ it: our criminal justice system is 【C12】______ ; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken 【C13】______ the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are 【C14】______ drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. 【C15】______ the courts; out more people in jails as examples to other lawbreaker. There is now hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we 【C16】______ these solutions. Again, tile world is no longer meaningless nor 【C17】______ so threatening.

These quasi theories 【C18】______ serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they？ How 【C19】______ will the suggested solutions be？ These questions must be answered with 【C20】______ to how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior.

【C1】

A．reason

B．mediate

C．consider

D．rationalize

light on an important, but hitherto little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was. a crucial factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical features that make them surprisingly good runners. "We are very confident that strong selection for running — which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees — was instrumental in the origin of the modern human body form," says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah.

Traditional thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form. of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running, or sprinting, over short distances. Even an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favourably with that of horses or dogs.

Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on the base of the skull to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, although the fossil record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones -- and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to propel us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls, another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently. Add to this our light forearms, which swing out of phase with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.

But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners？ One hypothesis is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. "What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today," says Lieberman.

The human ability to run ______.

A．was only recently described in a scientific journal

B．played an important part in human evolution

C．is now regarded as more important than the ability to climb trees

D．is surprising when we consider evolutionary trends

essarily mean that something has become stronger, wiser, or better. It simply means changing it from being one thing to another and sometimes it turns out to be worse than before.

Consider medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical advances, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection or a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us back together again. If we are born with something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our normality, ease our pain, replace worn parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a price we have to pay.

Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been rising steadily, in spite of serious efforts to reduce the rate of population growth. Less than a century ago in the United Stales, infant mortality claimed more than half of the newborn within the first year of life. Medical advances, however, have now reduced that rate to nearly zero. A child born in the United States today has better than a 90% chance of survival. Furthermore, medical advances have ensured that most of these infants will live to be seventy years of age or more, and even that life expectancy increases every year. The result of this progress is an enormous population increase that threatens the quality of life, brought about by progress in the medical profession.

According to this passage, " progress" doesn't always mean that______.

A．something has become stronger and better

B．something has been changed from being one thing to another

C．something has become funny

D．something turns out to be worse than before

d feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: They could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: People would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: In a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members or groups. Society's economic underpinnings (基础) would be destroyed: Since there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.

In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society explains our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform. important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.

The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that ______.

A．they would not be able to tell the texture of objects

B．they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them

C．they would not be happy with a life without love

D．they would do things that hurt each other' s feelings