Several Asian countries are so deep in debt that they had to go to the ___ for help.A

A.slowdown

B.sluggish

C.surge

D.soar

families welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often【C1】______ , including several generations related by【C2】______ or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person' s misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family--including the dead【C3】______ .

Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty 【C4】______ them. Children repay their parents'【C5】______ by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a 【C6】______ part of life in China. 【C7】______ ,taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous 【C8】______ in the United States, where aging and family support are not 【C9】______ highly. 【C10】______ , in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing, and many old people do not receive respect.

Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are 【C11】______ extremely family-oriented. They are 【C12】______ to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education.【C13】______ , the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons【C14】______ send large parts of their income home to their parents. The Vietnamese family【C15】______ people currently【C16】______ as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn.

Any【C17】______ or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People' s behavior. is fudged【C18】______ whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are the【C19】______ of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their【C20】______ in the next life.

【C1】

A．enlarged

B．extended

C．expanded

D．lengthened

1 Rowlands & Medeleev (R&M), a major listed European civil engineering company, was successful in its bid to become

principal (lead) contractor to build the Giant Dam Project in an East Asian country. The board of R&M prided itself in

observing the highest standards of corporate governance. R&M’s client, the government of the East Asian country, had

taken into account several factors in appointing the principal contractor including each bidder’s track record in large

civil engineering projects, the value of the bid and a statement, required from each bidder, on how it would deal with

the ‘sensitive issues’ and publicity that might arise as a result of the project.

The Giant Dam Project was seen as vital to the East Asian country’s economic development as it would provide a

large amount of hydroelectric power. This was seen as a ‘clean energy’ driver of future economic growth. The

government was keen to point out that because hydroelectric power did not involve the burning of fossil fuels, the

power would be environmentally clean and would contribute to the East Asian country’s ability to meet its

internationally agreed carbon emission targets. This, in turn, would contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases

in the environment. Critics, such as the environmental pressure group ‘Stop-the-dam’, however, argued that the

project was far too large and the cost to the local environment would be unacceptable. Stop-the-dam was highly

organised and, according to press reports in Europe, was capable of disrupting progress on the dam by measures such

as creating ‘human barriers’ to the site and hiding people in tunnels who would have to be physically removed before

proceeding. A spokesman for Stop-the-dam said it would definitely be attempting to resist the Giant Dam Project when

construction started.

The project was intended to dam one of the region’s largest rivers, thus creating a massive lake behind it. The lake

would, the critics claimed, not only displace an estimated 100,000 people from their homes, but would also flood

productive farmland and destroy several rare plant and animal habitats. A number of important archaeological sites

would also be lost. The largest community to be relocated was the indigenous First Nation people who had lived on

and farmed the land for an estimated thousand years. A spokesman for the First Nation community said that the ‘true

price’ of hydroelectric power was ‘misery and cruelty’. A press report said that whilst the First Nation would be unlikely

to disrupt the building of the dam, it was highly likely that they would protest and also attempt to mobilise opinion in

other parts of the world against the Giant Dam Project.

The board of R&M was fully aware of the controversy when it submitted its tender to build the dam. The finance

director, Sally Grignard, had insisted on putting an amount into the tender for the management of ‘local risks’. Sally

was also responsible for the financing of the project for R&M. Although the client was expected to release money in

several ‘interim payments’ as the various parts of the project were completed to strict time deadlines, she anticipated

a number of working capital challenges for R&M, especially near the beginning where a number of early stage costs

would need to be incurred. There would, she explained, also be financing issues in managing the cash flows to R&M’s

many subcontractors. Although the major banks financed the client through a lending syndicate, R&M’s usual bank

said it was wary of lending directly to R&M for the Giant Dam Project because of the potential negative publicity that

might result. Another bank said it would provide R&M with its early stage working capital needs on the understanding

that its involvement in financing R&M to undertake the Giant Dam Project was not disclosed. A press statement from

Stop-the-dam said that it would do all it could to discover R&M’s financial lenders and publicly expose them. Sally

told the R&M board that some debt financing would be essential until the first interim payments from the client

became available.

When it was announced that R&M had won the contract to build the Giant Dam Project, some of its institutional

shareholders contacted Richard Markovnikoff, the chairman. They wanted reassurance that the company had fully

taken the environmental issues and other risks into account. One fund manager asked if Mr Markovnikoff could

explain the sustainability implications of the project to assess whether R&M shares were still suitable for his

environmentally sensitive clients. Mr Markovnikoff said, through the company’s investor relations department, that he

intended to give a statement at the next annual general meeting (AGM) that he hoped would address these

environmental concerns. He would also, he said, make a statement on the importance of confidentiality in the

financing of the early stage working capital needs.

(a) Any large project such as the Giant Dam Project has a number of stakeholders.

Required:

(i) Define the terms ‘stakeholder’ and ‘stakeholder claim’, and identify from the case FOUR of R&M’s

external stakeholders as it carries out the Giant Dam Project; (6 marks)

not a city, it is a nation."Today this is an understatement: London, with its vast range of different ethnic groups, is a world

Certainly, London is the most culturally diverse city in the world.The city was founded by the Romans and since then new arrivals have constantly added to its character and prosperity.

Within 10 years 40% of Londoners will be from ethnic origin, but most of them will have been born in Britain.Children of Caribbean-Chinese marriages will go to school with children of Russian-Irish couples None of them will be English but all of them will be Londoners

Most of Britain' s ethnic minority residents live in the capital, speaking over 300 languages.Nearly all of the African population and many of the Caribbean population of Britain live in London (83% and 58% respectively): 39% of the Chinese population of Britain and 36% of the Asian population of London

There are an estimated 330, 000 refugees and asylum seekers living in London, with most recent arrivals coming from Eastern Europe, North Africa and Kurdistan

Young people, in particular, are skilled at deal ing with a large number of different and hybrid cultures.They themselves often have several different ethnie identities since their parents and grandparents may come from severa different backgrounds and their friends and partners do also They are"skilled cross-cul tural travellers" without leaving their home-town.(判断正误)

26.London is a nation.()

27.The city of London was founded by the Romans.()

28.All African population live in London.()

29.39% of the total population of London are Chinese.()

30.There are an estimated 33, 000 refugees and asy lum seekers in London()

fluenzalike cases. Influenza is sometimes called "flu" or a "bad cold". He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus of this influenza.

There are three main types of influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he didn't know the sub-group. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. WHO published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%～20% of the population had become ill.

As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus. None of them gave any protection. This then, was something new; a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever.

Having isolated the virus they were working with, the doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contracted influenza in the same way as human beings did. In a short time the usual sign of the disease disappeared. Theses experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply "Asian" flu.

The influenza discovered by a doctor in Singapore is caused by ______.

A．a new type of virus

B．type A virus

C．a sub-group of type B virus

D．a virus only existing in Asia

Many Native Americans closely resemble Asians. This has led most scientists to(1)believe something about Native Americans. They think that most Native Americans(2)from a distant group of people. These people(3)from Siberia across the Bering Strait, between 17,000-11,000 years ago. The exact time and 4 is still under question. That is, it is still a(n)(5)of debate. The time they traveled and the route they took is still being argued, as is whether it happened(6).

(7)recently, some anthropologists (人类学家) argued that the migration occurred 12,000 years ago. However, there are a number of difficulties with this theory —(8)particular, the presence of people in the Americas earlier than one might think. There is growing evidence of human(9)in Brazil and Chile 11,500 years ago or earlier. There is also(10)of humans living in the Americas some 50,000 years ago.(11), other possibilities have been suggested.

They may have(12)the land bridge several thousand years earlier or they may have sailed along the western coast. However, some(13)this theory. They think that humans(14)skills for sailing during that era.

Some consider the genetic and cultural evidence for an Asian origin overwhelming. It should be noted,(15), that some other people are very upset at this idea. Many present-day Native Americans(16)the above theories. They say those who put forward such theories have political(17)They have their own traditional stories that offer(18)of where they came from. Their own stories claim that their(19)are different from what scientists say. Those accounts, though, have mostly been(20)by scholars. Therefore, the origin of Americans still remains a mystery to be explored.

听力原文： The best interview is one in which there is two-way communication between the employer and the job applicant. Often there is some "small talk" at the beginning of the interview, which is actually very important, because the applicant's answers may indicate how easily the person can converse. A job seeker who appears unfriendly or unsociable may not be offered a position, even if the person is the most qualified. Employers look for people who seem to be likeable and easy to work with as well as technically competent.

The first few minutes of the interview are very important when it comes to making a good impression. A smile and handshake are expected after the job applicant walks into the prospective employer's office. In addition, the applicant must pay attention to certain areas related to personal appearance. During the interview, a supervisor or manager will ask the applicant questions that must be answered fully but without excessive detail. It is important to watch the employer's face for nonverbal cues as to whether enough has been said.

Some people may have difficulty answering certain questions because of their cultural perspectives. In cultures where humility and modesty are virtues, the question "what are your strengths" could be embarrassing. In many cultures, like several Asian cultures, people are taught not to talk or boast about their individual accomplishments. Yet, during an interview, an employer often wants the job applicant to talk about his or her accomplishments. In an American interview, applicants must learn to present themselves in the most positive light. This is a challenge for many people from other countries.

(33)

A．The applicant who is dominating the interview can easily get the job.

B．Those who are both sociable and competent in technology are welcomed.

C．Small talk can help the interviewee to appear friendly and sociable.

D．The employer can judge whether the applicant is qualified or not from "small talk".