The climate was （) two harvests were possible each year: one in winter fed by the rai

e their emissions pledges transparent to outsiders and that the Obama administration isn't ready to follow Europe's lead in specifying how much money rich nations should contribute over the next decade to help poor countries respond to climate change.

？ Don't look at the sky. Don't look for old weather reports. Looking at the tree rings is more important. Some weather reports go back only one century，but some trees can show us an exact

record of the weather even further back.

It's clear that a tree would grow best in a climate with lots of sunlight and rainfall. It is also expected that little sunlight or rainfall would limit the growth of a tree. The change from a favorable (有利的) to an unfavorable climate can be reading the tree rings in tree trunk. To find out the weather of ten years ago，count the rings of a tree trunk from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the other rings，then we are sure that lots of sunny and rainy weather happened. If the rings are close together，then the climate was bad for the tree.

Studying tree rings is important not only for the history of the weather，but also for the history of man. In a place of New Mexico you can find only sand-no trees and no people. However，many centuries ago a lot of people lived there. They left suddenly. Why？

A scientist studied the dead tree rings which had grown there. He decided that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees. Trees were used to make fires and buildings. So, after the people cut down the trees，they had to move.

(1)、It is understood that in a favorable climate tree rings grow far from each other.

A：T

B：F

(2)、Trees brought lots of sunlight and rainfall.

A：T

B：F

(3)、The scientists are interested in studying tree rings because they can tell whether the climate was favorable or not.

A：T

B：F

(4)、Studying dead tree rings shows how the people left.

A：T

B：F

(5)、The people had to leave the place of New Mexico because they had cut down all the trees.

A：T

B：F

Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as

cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw

A．it cannot always produce enough food for its own needs

B．it doesn’t has fertile land and a good climate

C．it relies on exports of manufactured products

nel on Climate Change have provided the scientific evidence of human impact on the climate, and a glimpse of what the future may hold if we don’t act fast. But while the consensus may be growing on the need for changes in behavior, we’re no closer to understanding how we're going to do it. Attempting an unprecedented shift in human behavior. without the input of psychologists is like setting sail for a faraway land without the aid of nautical maps

Psychological research shows that most people in the UK don't feel personally threatened by climate change because it is vague, abstract and difficult to visualize. This means that doomsday scenarios and apocalyptic language are unlikely to work-although fear can motivate behavior. change. it only works when people feel personally vulnerable

An American study played people recordings of actors delivering speeches about climate change. The version that people responded to the best talked about “air pollution” rather than “climate change”- because pollution is something visible that they could relate to, with strong connotations of dirtiness and poor health. Climate change is about much more than just dirty air, but finding ways of making climate change more visible is critical. People simply don' t worry about things they can't see (or even imagine). One approach that has been used to increase the amount that people use public transport breaks down habits into simple " if…then” plans. To change a habitual behavior, a person has to identify a goal (drive less, for example), a behavior. they want to perform. in pursuit of that goal get the bus to work on Fridays)and a situation that will trigger the behavior. (having enough time to catch the bus)

Of course, some people are cautious about committing themselves to changes in their personal behavior. They argue that political agreements and technological advances will do more to reduce green-house gases than anything an individual could achieve. But while it is comforting to draw sharp distinctions between politics, technology and individuals, the reality is that human behavior. supports it all. Political parties will not pass legislation that is patently unpopular among the electorate Technology can provide low-carbon alternatives like electric buses. But a zero-emissions bus will have zero passengers unless people decide to use

If the thought of psychologically informed lifestyle. change campaigns sounds a bit too Big Brother for your liking, then consider the alternative millions of pounds spent on technology that is never taken up, and a market-based system of economic coercion that penalizes the poor while the rich keep polluting. Without an understanding of what drives people environmental behavior, the dream of a low-carbon society will remain forever out of reach

1、In face of climate change, most people_______

A. turn a blind eye to the approaching threat

B. feel unable to take such a big responsibility

C. endeavor to find out a solution with psychology

D. take no environmentally friendly action

2、Which of the following activities might be the most effective way to

motivate environmental behaviors？

A. Watching a disaster film

B. Holding a speech on climate change.

C. Appealing for green lights

D. Publicizing lawn adoption

3、The author writes Paragraph 4 to__________

A. deny the role of politics and technology in environmental protection

B. explain how to divide responsibilities in environmental protection

C. show individuals, politics and technology are indispensable in environmental protection

D. display the importance of human behavior. in environmental protection

4、The phrase "Big Brother"(Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably means

A. manipulative

B. troublesome

C. insightful

D. progressive

5、Which of the following is the best title for this text？

A. Behavior. change is the most important link in environmental protection

B. Psychology is the missing link in the climate change debate

C. The motivation of people’ s environmental behavior.

D. The psychological way to change human behavior.

Why You Can't Ignore the Changing Climate

— by Eugene Linden

PARADE Magazine (June 25, 2006)

As we learned last year in New Orleans, weather can be a weapon of mass destruction. With the 2006 hurricane season now upon us, scientists say the climate is changing in ways that could produce many more superhurricanes, as well as extreme floods, droughts and heat waves that could threaten our way of life.

Still, it's easy to ignore the signs of global warming because we've always had crazy weather. Unfortunately, many of the predicted changes have begun, and they already affect our health and pocketbooks. Here's what we know:

Look Outside: The Weather Already Is Changing

Every year since 1997 has been in the Top 10 list of hottest years, and 2005 set a record. The Earth has warmed about 1.4°F since the late 19th century, and the warming has accelerated during the past four decades.

That increase sounds small, but it has been sufficient to make weather records fall by the thousands. Studies by Kerry Emmanuel at MIT and others have documented that hurricanes are getting more intense. Extreme storms like the one that flooded New England with more than 10 inches of rain in May are becoming more frequent too. Birds are migrating earlier. Trees are blooming, and flowers and crops are popping up unseasonably early across the country.

The warming has produced clear winners: pests. Mosquitoes love the warmer weather and are celebrating by bringing infectious diseases to new places. A recent Duke University study found that increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has led to out-of-control growth of poison ivy (常春藤), as well as increased levels of allergy-producing pollen (引起过敏的花粉). Beetle populations have exploded in evergreen trees. Why should we care about beetles？ It was beetles that killed the trees in Southern California, which provided the dry fuel for the wildfires that destroyed hundreds of homes in 2003.

Higher temperatures also are causing glaciers (冰川) to melt fast. Mount Kilimanjaro (乞力马扎罗山— 非洲的最高山峰), for instance, has been topped with ice for at least 11,700 years. Within the next 15 years, however, its summit might be ice-free, according to Lonnie Thompson, a glaciologist at Ohio State University. The fastest warming is taking place in the far north, where glaciers are receding. You may think this isn't relevant to those of us farther south, but snow and ice play a big role in balancing Earth's climate by reflecting sunlight back into space. Melting snow and ice could push climates everywhere past a tipping point: As the Earth warms, melting snow and ice expose dark surfaces such as land and oceans, and the switch from heatreflecting to heat-absorbing surfaces could turbo-charge further warming.

We're Making It Worse

"I'm changing the climate! Ask me how" reads a bumper sticker that activists have been plastering on SUVs. Their point is that gas-guzzlers (耗油量大的车) contribute to climate change. In a more sober way, the great majority of scientists are saying the same thing: Burning gas or oil in engines and furnaces has pushed carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere far above where they've been for hundreds of thousands of years, and the debate has ended over whether these emissions are making the planet hotter. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of more than 1,500 scientists from 60 countries, asserts that some portion of the recent warming is the result of human activities.

Last year, the world's leading scientific j

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

war is. There are shooting wars—the kind that test patriotism and courage—and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads？ If Americans indulge in a bit of flag-waving when the job is done, they earned it.

Now there is a similar challenge: global warming. The steady deterioration (恶化) of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy.

The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to na; ve wish lists that could weaken America's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always be at the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like—one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound？

Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-term solutions with far-sighted goals, combines government activism with private-sector enterprise and blends pragmatism (实用主义) with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．Human wars.

B．Economic crisis.

C．America's environmental policies.

D．Global environment in general.

阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。

SUN LI:Nice to meet you. I'm Sun Li.

HENRY:_____Are you a student of this university, too？

SUN LI:Yeah, this is my second year. I study Architecture. And what’s your major？

HENRY:_____ So, what subjects do you study this term？

SUN LI:_____

HENRY:Oh, I see. I have English classes too. I have Air Pollution Control, Pollution Analysis, and Climate Change Control Technology.

SUN LI:Oh, really？! What do you think of your major？

HENRY:It's wonderful. _____but Pollution Analysis isn't my best subject. I like Climate Change Control Technology better. _____

SUN LI:I like Building Materials best.

A.This semester we study English, Engineering Drawing, Construction Technology, and Building Materials.

B.I think the classes are really interesting,

C.Nice to meet you too.

D.Oh, My major is Energy and Environment.

E.How about you？

Questionsare based on the following passage．

Workers with skills in science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） are among the mmost in demand and highest paid．They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth， who will help shape the future．And most of them are men．Nadya Fouad， a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee， and her colleagues surveyed more than 5，000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades．They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place．For more than two decades， women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees．Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women．For the most part， Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates， the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office， and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance．Of the women who left the field less than five years ago， two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields——72 percent became either managers or executives．One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn"t settle work-life conflicts．

It is not about making the women more confident or anything．It"s really about the climate in the workplace， Fouad said．Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don"t have superior support．They don"t have training and development opportunities．And their colleagues are not civil to them， look down upon them， or talk behind their backs．The fmdings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don"t go into or don"t stay in STEM fields．The previous studies tend

to explain that women aren"t "naturally" smart enough， and that these are careers for men．Furthermore， Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment．The problem should be recognized that women aren"t leaving just because they want to spend time with their children．They"re leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance．The company， starting from the managers， is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women"s development and advance．

It is commonly believed that STEM workers__________． 查看材料

A.receive less salary compared with their skills

B.are helpful to promote economic development

C.are more than in demand

D.resolve driving problems

ought it would be a better place for the frog. But it came back and insisted taking the r________ in the studio. Why？ I couldn’t get an idea. Then, after five months of being together, we seemed to be able to c____________ with each other. It may sound w____, but I did feel I came to understand what it wanted me to do.

The frog came to me probably attracted by the h_________ tone of my computer, which sounded like that of other tree frogs, or with a m______ to tell me that frogs were dying around the world because of their s________ to the pollution and global climate change. As frogs are an “i________ species”, what has happened to them may happen to us, if we sit back and do nothing. We must act now, or it would be too late.

h of the warming is our fault, and are we 1 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2 for fossil fuels？

Global warming can seem too 3 to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 4 that often can&39;t get next week&39;s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn&39;t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.

Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren&39;t pretty. Ice is 7 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8 , threatening communities.

The 9 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn&39;t be out of mind, because they are omens of what&39;s in store for the 10 of the planet.

[A]remote

[B]techniques

[C]consisting

[D]rest

[E]willing

[F]climate

[G]skill

[H]appetite

[I]melting

[J]vanishing

[K]eroding

[L]temperature

[M]curiosity

[N]changes

[O]skillful

the land, such as cotton, timber or rubber. Some raw materials, such as iron ore, come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold, dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case, it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods.

1. From the first sentence of the passage we can know that there are ()kinds of exports.

A. two

B. three

C. four

2. Raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where ().

A. they are consumed

B. they are made into finished products

C. they are wasted

3. The countries which produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize are ()countries.

A. developed

B. industrial

C. agricultural

4. An industrialized country usually has to import foodstuffs because ().

A. it cannot always produce enough food for its own needs

B. it doesn’t has fertile land and a good climate

C. it relies on exports of manufactured products

5. The best title of this passage is ().

A. Agriculture and Industry

B. Export

C. Production