The passage indicates that individual emotions ______.A．vary from person to personB．follow

hunderstorms or rain squalls in summer (frequent rain / snow squalls in winter ) then a rise in pressure followed by clearing skies, indicate the passage of a(n) ______.

A.warm front

B.tropical cyclone

C.anticyclone

D.cold front

Passage Four

You have been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give you a blood transfusion because you lost a great deal of blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for you. If the blood is too different from your own, the transfusion could kill you.

There are four basic types of blood; A, B, AB and O. A simple test can indicate a person's blood type. Everybody is born with one of these four types of blood. Blood type, like hair color and height, is inherited from parents.

Because of substances contained in each type, the four groups must be transfused carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can give to any other group, hence it is often called the universal donor. For the opposite reason, AB sometimes called the universal recipient. However, because so many reactions can occur in transfusions, patients usually receive only' salt or plasma until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad reactions to the transfusion.

There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality. Among Europeans and people of European ancestry, about 42 percent have type A while 45 percent have type O. The rarest is type AB. Other races have different percentages. For example, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type O.

48. A good title for this passage is______.

A. Getting Blood and Plasma

B. Special Blood and Colors

C. Human Blood Types

D. The Blood Bank of a Hospital

Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a- 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a--- 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and ve__ . The different shapes of the containers 28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They --may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn’t become a 33food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as35material for beer brewing.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want so say it well，but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand-he wants to teach them. and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain，because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors，not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors，out of the countless billions possible，is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors，or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose：their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at，that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern，that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous(生坏疽的)leg and another a lake in moonlight，each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world. Each painter is telling us something，showing us something，emphasizing something-all of which mean that，consciously or unconsciously，he is trying to teach us.

All artists are common in that______.

A. they use shapes and colors instead of words

B. they are trying to teach the public

C. what they want to teach is difficult to explain

D. they want to learn from the public

Human's Hands

Archaeological records--paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands--indicate that humans have been predominantly right - handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the fight-hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 per cent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were fight - handed.

Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar out lines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Manganese are displayed on cave walls, indicating thai the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness nearly human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right- handed toolmaker) can be distinguished frp, those flakea wan a counter- clockwise rotation (indicating a left -handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present -day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left - to - right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform. specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right - or left – sided dominance is not exclusive to modem Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erects and Ho mo habilis, seem to have been predominantly right -handed, as we are.

What is the main idea of the passage？

A．Human ancestors became predominantly right- handed when they began to use tools.

B．It is difficult to interpret the significance of anthropological evidence concerning tool use,

C．Human and their ancestors have been predominantly right -handed for over a million years.

D．Human ancestors were more skilled at using both hands than modem humans.

Human' s Hands

Archaeological records--paintings, drawings, and drawings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands--indicate that humans have been predominantly right - handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the fight-hand is depicted us the dominant one in about 90 per- cent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were fight - handed.

Cro - Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar. out- lines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Manganese are displayed on cave wails, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of' handedness nearly human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right -handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter- clockwise rotation (indicating a left- handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present - day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left - to - right stroke direction (by right- handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by lefthanders).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which Side of the body is used to perform. specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right - or left - sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erects and Homo habilis, seem to have been predominantly right -handed, as we are.

What is the main idea of the passage？

A．Human ancestors became predominantly right- handed when they began to use tools.

B．It is difficult to interpret the significance of anthropological evidence concerning tool use.

C．Human and their ancestors have been predominantly right - handed for over a million years.

D．Human ancestors were more skilled at using both hands than modern humans.

audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listeners' interest. A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."

To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passersby behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.

Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues (暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.

This passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A．the importance of eye contact

B．the potency of nonverbal techniques

C．successful speech delivery

D．an effective way to gain visual feedbacks

ons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

According to a recent survey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employee did in 1979. It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they？ A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday. At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker’s activities with him. What did they find out？ They discover that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant （多余的）telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.

(76) Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.

A group of headhunters （猎头）were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job. For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.

However, the connection between time and productivity （生产率） is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are nor willing to spend so much extra, unproductively time at the office. Once they finish their work satisfactory, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the solution is find a company that encourages people to do both.

1. What is the main idea of this passage？

A Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.

B Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.

C Most Americans work 80 hours a week, and some work even longer.

D People can make more money by working longer hours.

their status.But in the business world everyone wears more or less similar suits，and you cannot tell at a glance who ranks higher or lower than another.So how do people in the business world show their superiority？ An attempt to study this was made by two researchers using a series of silent films.They had two actors play the parts of an executive(经理)and a visitor，and switch roles each time.The scene had one man at his desk playing the part of an executive，while the other，playing the part of a visitor，knocks at the door，opens it and approaches the desk to discuss some business matter.

The audience watching the films was asked to rate the executive and the visitor in terms of status.A certain set of rules about status began to emerge from the ratings.The visitor showed the least amount of status when he stopped just inside the door to talk across the room to the seated man.He was considered to have more status when he walked halfway up to the desk，and he had the most status when he walked directly up to the desk and stood right in front Of the seated executive.

Another thing that affected the status of the visitor in the eyes of the observers was the time between knocking and entering.For the seated executive，his status was also affected by the time between hearing the knock and answering.The quicker the visitor entered the room，the more status he had.The longer the executive took to answer，the more status he had.

11.The experiment designed by the two researchers aimed at finding out().

A、how business is conducted by an executive and a visitor

B、how to tell the differences between an executive and a visitor

C、how to tell businessmen at a glance

D、how businessmen indicate status

12.Which ofthe statements can best sum up the passage().

A、The executive has a higher status than the visitor.

B、Mitary people wear uniforms but the businessmen do not

C、Astudy revealing a set of rules about the stalus of businessmen.

D、tisa good melthod to use a series of silent fim in research

13.Having entered the room, the closer the visitor approaches the executive,().

A、the less it affected his status

B、the lower his status

C、the more it affected his status

D、the higher his status

14.The longer the seated man was in answering the knock,().

A、the higher his status

B、the less it affected his status

C、the lower his status

D、the more it affected his status

15.Which statementis NOT true().

A、Soldiers wear uniforms with various symbols so that one can tell their status ata glance.

B、In the experiment, one actor played the executive while the other played the seated man

C、Business people wear similar suits.

D、The audience watching the flim rated the executve and the vsitor in tems of status

o areport published last week. About 8 million cases were treated in emergency department, andapproximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led todeath.(76) And the problem is getting more and more serious.

“Older adult falls are increasing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence, ” said Dr. TomFrieden. The falls are preventable, Friedenstressed. He said individuals, families and healthcare providers can take steps to resist the trend. Dr. Wolf-Klein is a medical professor in New York. She said one concern is that seniors whohave experienced a fall alone at home don ’t tell anyone. When that happens, prevention effortsdon’t begin and they’re at risk for additional falls that lead to broken bones and brain injuries.

“Elderly patients tend not to report falls to their families, or even doctors. A fall is a veryfrightening thing that you keep quiet about. They think if they mention it, they are afraid thatthey will move to a nursing home or need assistants to help out in the house, ”said Wolf-Klein. It’s also a status issue and may make someone feel that they’re weaker than they really are,she explained. When someone does fall and hurt themselves, they’re often never the same,Wolf-Klein said. “You can develop chronic(慢性的)problems. After a fall, a percentage of thepopulation will never return to walking around. People used to taking the subway, now they ’re ina wheelchair, or they may need help going to the bathroom. They become frailer and loseindependence,” she said.

1. Which of the following is TRUE？

A.In 2014, older adult falls caused 7 million injuries.

B.In 2016, Americans fell 29 million times.

C.Last year, 2.8 million Americans had emergency treatment.

D.Last month, more than27,000 older Americans were hospitalized.

The word frailer in Paragraph 5 probably means ___.A.Lonelier

B.weaker

C.smarter

D.better

From the passage we learn that older adult falls ___.A.Are decreasing

B.Can’t be avoided

C.Must be treated in hospitals

D.Usually imply the end of independence

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE？A.A fall is a very terrible thing that you keep quiet about.

B.After a fall elderly people will not develop chronic problems.

C.To prevent fells elderly people should move to a nursing home.

D.Elderly patients tend to tell their families about their falls.

What is the main idea of this passage？A.Older adult fells are on the rise.

B.People should keep quiet about their fells.

C.Older adults are losing their independence.

D.Older adult falls cause brain injuries.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！