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Chomsky defines“competence” as the ideal user's () of the rules of his language.

Chomsky defines“competence” as the ideal user's () of the rules of his language.

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更多“Chomsky defines“competence” as the ideal user's () of the rules of his language.”相关的问题

第1题

根据下列材料,请回答 46~50 题: Read the following text carefully and then translate th

根据下列材料,请回答 46~50 题:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton's laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.

(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.

The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who postulated that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.

(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.

第 46 题 请在(46)处填上最佳答案

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第2题

According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an idea
l native speaker to construct and recognize .()

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第3题

上行CoMP和下行CoMP的实现都依赖于终端。()

上行CoMP和下行CoMP的实现都依赖于终端。()

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第4题

乔姆斯基(Norm Chomsky) 名词解释
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第5题

The principle representative of American descriptive linguistics is()

A.L.Bloomfield

B.Chomsky

C.Sapir

D.Saussure

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第6题

CoMP是(),能提升()的性能

CoMP是(),能提升()的性能

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第7题

N. Chomsky is a great __________ linguist()

A.Swiss

B.French

C.Canadian

D.American

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第8题

对于以下代码,编译器会生成几个函数模板的实例? template <typename S, typename T> int comp(S s, T t) { // do something return 0; } int main(){ comp(1, 8); comp(1.0, 8); comp("Hello", "World"); comp(1.0, 8.0); comp(4.0, 2); }

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

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第9题

The distinction between parole and langue was made by

A.Halliday

B.Chomsky

C.Bloomfiel

D.Saussure

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