No one can avoid _____ by advertisements.A: influencingB: being influencedC: to influe

No one can avoid ______ by one's surroundings.

A．to be influenced B．having influenced

C．influencing D．being influenced

Which one is not true according to the article？

A.Multicultural teams often generate frustrating management dilemmas.

B.Cultural differences can create substantial obstacles to effective teamwork—but these may be subtle and difficult to recognize until significant damage has already been done.

C.Cultural challenges are manageable if managers and team members choose the right strategy and avoid imposing single-culture-based approaches on multicultural situations.

D.The differences between direct and indirect communication can’t cause serious damage to relationships when team projects run into problems.

ng domains has multiple routers redistributing routes between the p air of domains. The design requires that the redistribution configuration avoid matching based on prefix/length because of the trouble in maintaining such configurations.Which one of the following tools can be used in all three routing domains to attem pt to prevent domain loops？（）

A. Setting route tags

B. Setting the default administrative distance differently for internal and external routes

C. Setting administrative distance differently per route

D. Setting metrics much higher for all ext ernal routes than for all internal routes

e control. It seems a dream in the future. It isn't.

In many ways such driverless cars are already with us. There is partial automation in many cars, such as intelligent braking, lane departure warning and automatic parking. The systems are there {A; B; C} cars can pretty much drive themselves. No one noticed the introduction of cruise control. We've got collision avoidance, and we'll soon have automatic lane change.

Improving this technology should make the roads safer. Machines are much better at following rules than humans. Driveway signs advise drivers to slow down to avoid {A; B; C} jams. They are often ignored by drivers. But it won't happen {A; B; C} a computer. Driverless cars could also choose the best route to avoid traffic jams.

Fewer jams will mean {A; B; C} stop-start driving. Maintaining smooth and constant speeds will improve fuel efficiency. Computers could also be programmed to take the greenest route, rather than the fastest one. Under computer control, cars could also travel much closer together.

They can effectively “slipstream” one another and use less fuel to move themselves forward. They can even form. multi-car “trains” going {A; B; C} high speeds. However, with driverless cars on the roads, there will be potential trust issues between people and machines. We could therefore see guard rails back on the sides of pavements. This would be a backwards step.

1. A. because B. so that C. such as

2. A. creating B. to creat C. creat

3. A. with B. to C. on

4. A. more B. little C. less

5. A. over B. in C. at

ike it or not. Many people have a【B1】______when it comes to motivation in general. It can【B2】______being lazy or unproductive, but in actuality, no one is really lazy. If you are not capable of getting yourself to do certain things that you know you should be doing, its because you dont have a strong enough reason to do it. What can you do to help【B3】______your self-motivation？ One thing you can do is start giving yourself stronger reasons to be performing certain things such as【B4】______your goals. Once you have a goal and strong enough reasons to take action, your self-motivation will automatically start to increase. Your reasons can be both positive and【B5】______. You can either do something because you want to get【B6】______out of completing a task or you want to avoid the【B7】______of not completing the task. Either way, the reasons need to be strong enough to move you into action. The bottom line is that if you want to increase your self-motivation, you will need to start designing a more compelling future for yourself.【B8】______powerful reasons why you should take action. When you have a strong purpose and【B9】______feed your mind with self-improvement motivation material, you will start to become more and more【B10】______and will begin to take more action.

【B1】

Read the passage and choose the right sub-title (A-E) for each paragraph.

A.The inexactitude of language

B.Preventing misunderstandings

C.Intercultural communication

D.Fostering respect

E.Avoiding conflicts

Para 1 （）

Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more different societies. Effective intercultural communication helps firms avoid conflict, prevent misunderstandings, and foster respect.

Para 2 （）

The workplace is growing more diverse every day. Managers cannot assume that what they find inoffensive will also be inoffensive to their subordinates. A lack of sensitivity can lead to claims of discrimination or harassment, which costs firms big money. Intercultural communication involves exercising sensitivity and tact to avoid such conflicts.

Para 3 （）

We human beings have developed language to communicate ideas to one another. Still, our language represents an imperfect form. of communication. Sometimes, words cannot accurately convey an idea, because the information might be highly complex. Also, a concept that exists in one culture or language might not be part of another. Effective intercultural communication tries to bridge language gaps as effectively as possible so that everyone at the workplace finds themselves on the same page.

Para 4 （）

Given the inexactitude of language, misunderstandings can frequently arise between people from different cultures when they exchange information. Idioms often become lost in translation. For example, the English expression “to shoulder responsibility” translates into Swedish as “be a man for your hat”. Intercultural communication does not rely on expressions native to a particular language that could lead to confusion; rather, it relies on clear messages that all parties understand.

Para 5 （）

Communication happens differently in various cultures. What one society finds acceptable may be anathema to another. When coworkers from different cultures do not take these differences into account, not only does communication suffer but conflicts come to the fore. Effective intercultural communication does not try to ignore societal differences; rather, it respects the variations among the human race and enables people to transmit information clearly.

e shock in a sense.One of the things was that when you talk to people in Iran, you can comfortably ask how much people earn and which religion they are.I found this very difficult with English people.They don' t tell you, they look away or they somehow get around the question.I didn' t understand why.I mean, I still don' t understand why people are uncomfortable answering that sort of question.In Iran, it's no problem, there' s no problem in asking anybody It’ s not rude at all.

I had that confirmed to me when in one of my English classes my teacher told me not to talk to English people about three things politics, religion and money.(判断正误)

26.People in Iran are not happy to talk about their salary or their religion.()

27.People in England try to avoid personal questions.()

28.In Iran, it's rude to ask questions about salary and religion()

29.The writer was advised to avoid talking to English people about politics, religion and money.()

30.The main idea of the passage is culture shock.()

Text 4

Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.

The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study more other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, arid in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other, lie is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiated, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals.

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior. at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior. more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.

36. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology ______.

A)can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living world

B) can reveal an enormous diversity of traditions

C) can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and nature

D) can distinguish the human race from other creatures

he immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system.

Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness, is one of the most harmful factors in depression.

One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (便形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.

Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______

A．was altered

B．was strengthened

C．was weakened

D．was not affected