Brazil has ___ into one of the world’s most important growth markets.A、progressedB、 blo

A.USA

B.Brazil

C.Jamaica

D.Honduras

A、 The Last Brazil

B、 The First Impression

C、 Growth of a Poet's Mind

D、 The Spirit of the Age

Brazil' s population growth【62】has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960【63】1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this【64】may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧)and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect,【65】in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil' s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based【66】wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

"Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values--not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and【67】people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other【68】, which were put into a very attractive pack- age. "Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to【69】the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and【70】was incompatible'(不相容的)with un- limited reproduction," says Martine.

(41)

A．increase

B．reduce

C．extend

D．improve

Living in Brazil (巴西)and Switzerland

Moving to a different city may seem difficult. You have to change schools and get used to your new home. But you can always go back to that city to visit. When you move to another country, things are different. However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.

My dad, a Brazilian, is really funny and can make friends quickly. My mom, a Swiss, is usually quiet and a bit shy. She likes to be organized， But my dad never makes plans. She enjoys staying home, but my dad always wants to go out. Swiss and Brazilian一what a mix!

After my parents got married, they moved to Switzerland. There they had my brother and me. When I was two, we moved to Brazil. During my childhood we visited Switzerland every year.

Many people ask me where I prefer to live: Brazil or Switzerland. It's really hard to answer because I love both countries. Brazil is a big country with many states and people. There are multiple dialects and many types of foods. People here have beautiful smiles and are always happy, even if they are poor. In the south the climate is cool, but in the north It's hot and humid.

Switzerland, on the other hand, is small but beautiful and clean. There are four languages in that tiny country. People there are very different from Brazilians: they are wealthy, independent, and organized. The food is delicious, and of course, the famous Swiss chocolate is great, and the climate is dry and cool.

I love both countries. In Switzerland, it's pleasant, calm, and peaceful everywhere. I enjoyed my stay there very much. But now I am happy here in Brazil. I feel excited and at home.

11. The author's parents___.

A. share similar interests

B. have different jobs

C. have different personalities

D. enjoy reading books

12.When the author was a child, the family used to___.

A. have many good friends

B. move between the two countries

C. speak two dialects

D. visit Brazil from time to time

13.The author thinks Brazilians are___.

A. organized

B. independent

C. indifferent

D. optimistic

14. According to the text, Switzerland___.

A is famous for its chocolate

B. has many big cities

C. has a lot in common with Brazil

D. is hot and humid

15. According to the author, living in two different cultures is a(n)___.

A. appealing idea

B. difficult decision

C. expensive choice

D. pleasant experience

production.Brazil is the world’s second largest producer of soybeans behind the United States and ahead of Argentina.Most European and Asian retailers want to remain GM free.Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Brazil are going on a media offensive to prevent the legalization of genetically modified crops.Environmentalists and consumer groups for years have been able to thwart government and companies’ attempts to legalize altered food.In radio dramas that are being broadcast in remote regions, Brazilian NGOs are telling soy farmers the use of genetically modified seeds could endanger their health, their fields and their business.We are not saying that genetic engineering is, in principle, something bad; we say that we need more science to be sure that it will work in an appropriate way with no harm in the future, said campaign coordinator Jean-Marc von der Weid.This is both for health and environmental reasons.The other question is on economics.What we think is that in Brazil, if we approve the GMOs, we will lose a spectacular advantage that we have now.We are selling more to the international market, mostly for Europe and Asia, than we have done in our history, because we are not GMO contaminated.

Another opposition group, ActionAid, has been organizing grass-roots support in Brazilian farming regions to rouse consumer sentiment against legalization.ActionAid public policy director Adriano Campolina says he is fighting for farmers to remain independent.When the small-scale farmer or a big farmer starts using this kind of seed, this farmer will be completely dependent on the transnationals, which control intellectual property rights over these seeds, he said.

Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan said there should be checks on what multinationals can do, but that doesn’t mean GM seeds should be banned.He says fears over their usage are unfounded.Despite the official ban, Dr.Pavan says up to one third of Brazil’s soy crop is genetically modified, because GM seed is being smuggled from Argentina.Brazil’s government has invested heavily in a GM project by the U.S.biotech company, Monsanto, but the project was put on ice following a successful court challenge by consumers.

The anti-GMO groups are hoping the politicians’ preoccupation with the October presidential election will give them time to gather enough support to defeat any future attempts to legalize genetically altered crops.

1.According to the passage, the issue in dispute in Brazil is ___________.

A、contamination of the environment by genetically modified crops

B、Brazils standing in the international market

C、the October presidential election

D、the legalization of genetically modified organisms

2.According to the passage, Brazil is the worlds _____________ soybean producer.

A、largest

B、second largest

C、third largest

D、fourth largest

3.Which of the following statements is NOT true about NGOs in Brazil？ ()

A、They believe genetically modified crops will harm the farmers health.

B、They believe genetic engineering is altogether a bad practice.

C、They believe scientific methods should be introduced to ensure GM brings no harm.

D、They believe GMOs will harm Brazil economically.

4.Which of the following statements is true about the organization called ActionAid？ ()

A、They encourage the farmers to produce genetically modified products.

B、They encourage the farmers to depend on themselves for seeds.

C、They strongly support the legalization of genetically modified products.

D、They encourage the farmers to upgrade their farms to bigger ones.

5.What does the Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan say about genetically modified products？ ()

A、Genetically modified seeds should be banned.

B、Brazil government should crack down on the smuggling of genetically modified seeds.

C、The fear over the use of genetically modified seeds is uncalled for.

D、Consumers should file more law suits to protect their rights.

What makes Brazilian football Brazilian？Our style. of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise,accuracy and good judgment.This style. has won Brazil five world cups.Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these victories.In 1994,the team abandoned this style. for modern,scientific training and tactics.The team won the cup,but in a boring way.

The ltalians think differently.“To many ltalians,the score 0-0 has a glorious quality,suggesting perfection,”says the British football writer Simon Kuper.In the ltalian culture,the idea of face is very important.This is why ltalian teams are traditionally built around strong defences.The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that ltalian teams never exactly beat you.It’s just that you often lose to them.

In Holland,there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion.It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view.“Every Dutch player wants to control the game,”says Arnold Muhren.“You play football with your brains and not your feet.”

“A Dutch player argues,”says Simon Kuper.“An English player obeys his superior.He is a soldier.”The qualities valued in English football are military-strength,aggression and courage.This can make for exciting football.But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players.David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend-despite the fact that he is an attacker.

If the English like to fight,the Germans like to win.In recent years,Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs.But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team.“Football is a simple game,”Gary Lineker once said.“You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win.”

It’s difficult to predict who will win this year’s World Cup.There is no strong favorite.But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform. best.It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top.

第11题：Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Brazilian style. of playing football？

A．Accuracy.

B．Surprise.

C．Good judgment.

D．Ruthless efficiency.

Passage Four

The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. E. O. Wilson, a biologist at Harvard, calls the depletion(枯竭、耗尽)of rain forest areas "the greatest extinction since the end of the age of dinosaurs(恐龙)."

Unlike some environmental issues, rain forests' depletion has fortunately received significant public and media's attention. Despite the opposition to the cutting down of rain forests, the problem continues. Every year, Brazil chops down an area of forests the size of the state of Nebraska. In addition to the Amazon's rain forests, many other forests are being cut down as well.: In Indonesia, Zaire, Papua-new Guinea, Malaysia, Burme, the Philippines, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and Venezuela, rain forests that were once great have been lost.

According to some estimates, 50 million acres of rain forest are cut down every year. The United Nations says the figure is closer to 17 million acres. The World Wildlife Fund says that every minute,25 to 50 acres are cut down or burnt to the ground.

The world's growing population has been a primary reason of rain forests' destruction. More people need land to live on and wood products to consume. Limiting population growth may be the first in a series of steps that would alleviate the destruction of the rain forests.

48. In the opinion of the author, ______are being destroyed terribly at present.

A. the oceans

B. the atmosphere

C. the rain forests

D. all the above

Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula(配方奶粉).

“Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits, ” says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health.

Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby's health. This is especially true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who's breast-fed. In the U.S., some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby's IQ(智商)by a few points. But a recent study with siblings(兄弟姐妹)found little advantage to breast-feeding.

Horta says these previous studies didn't follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team found.

When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making, they also found a clear difference: Those who were breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher.

1. From the passage, we learn that Horta {A; B; C}.

A. is from Brazil

B. conducts his research in the U.S.

C. has 30 researchers on his team

2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned？{A; B; C}

A. They stayed longer in school

B. They were happier

C. They were smarter

3. Which of the following is TRUE？{A; B; C}

A. Doctors don't understand the benefits of breast-feeding.

B. Horta is concerned with water contamination in poor countries.

C. Horta's research project lasted about 30 years

4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to {A; B; C}.

A. finished

B. interested

C. polluted

5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？{A; B; C}

A. Researchers Have Pointed Out the Disadvantages of Breast-feeding

B. Researchers Have Found Out the Shortcomings of Formula

C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success

Many Native Americans closely resemble Asians. This has led most scientists to(1)believe something about Native Americans. They think that most Native Americans(2)from a distant group of people. These people(3)from Siberia across the Bering Strait, between 17,000-11,000 years ago. The exact time and 4 is still under question. That is, it is still a(n)(5)of debate. The time they traveled and the route they took is still being argued, as is whether it happened(6).

(7)recently, some anthropologists (人类学家) argued that the migration occurred 12,000 years ago. However, there are a number of difficulties with this theory —(8)particular, the presence of people in the Americas earlier than one might think. There is growing evidence of human(9)in Brazil and Chile 11,500 years ago or earlier. There is also(10)of humans living in the Americas some 50,000 years ago.(11), other possibilities have been suggested.

They may have(12)the land bridge several thousand years earlier or they may have sailed along the western coast. However, some(13)this theory. They think that humans(14)skills for sailing during that era.

Some consider the genetic and cultural evidence for an Asian origin overwhelming. It should be noted,(15), that some other people are very upset at this idea. Many present-day Native Americans(16)the above theories. They say those who put forward such theories have political(17)They have their own traditional stories that offer(18)of where they came from. Their own stories claim that their(19)are different from what scientists say. Those accounts, though, have mostly been(20)by scholars. Therefore, the origin of Americans still remains a mystery to be explored.