These days, normally the host sits facing the door, the person sitting on his right is the most honored guest.（)

lleges publish lists of rooms and apartments available off campus. You should pay attention to these services as well as advertisements in the local or college/university newspapers, and bulletin boards on the campus or in supermarkets. You might also walk through the section of the city or town in which you wish to live to see whether there are "FOR RENT" signs on the doors of houses. You may also ask other students for advice, either Canadian or from overseas. It would be wise to set aside several full days to look for accommodation at the beginning of your program. This will allow you to obtain an idea of the range of housing available. Usually, it is not a good idea to take the first accommodation that you see unless, of course, you are certain that it will be satisfactory.

Accommodation outside the center of a city is normally less expensive than accommodation in the center of the city.

How to find rooms or apartments for rent:

You should pay attention to:

【46】of your university or college;

【47】in some newspaper; or

【48】.

It would be wise to set aside【49】to search for accommodation.

It is not a good idea to take the first accommodation unless it is【50】.

that, impressed, against, at, who, with, place, catalogue, displayed, for Dear Sir or Madam,

We were(1)by the selection of sweaters that were(2)on your stand(3)the Menswear Exhibition(4)was held in Chicago last month.

We are a large chain of retailers and looking for a manufacturer(5)could supply us(6)a wide range of sweaters(7)the teenage market.

As we usually(8)very large orders, we would expect a quantity discount in addition to a 20% trade discount off net list prices, and our terms of payment are normally 30 days bill of exchange, documents(9)payment.

If these conditions interest you, and you can meet orders of over 1000 garments at one time, please send us your current(10)and price-list. We hope to hear from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

ate in arriving. Our current order for stationery is already five days overdue. We have a number of valued customers who are being put to some inconvenience. There seems to be no ob- vious reason why your normally prompt deliveries should become so unreliable. I would be obliged if you would look into this matter as soon as possible. Ours is a small family business in a very parochial (狭小的) area. We depend very much upon the good- will of our customers. I' m sure you will appreciate the importance of this matter being cleared up at your easiest convenience. Yours faithfully, Grayson Brown Mr. Brown writes to complain about46______________of the ordered goods.

in arrival. Our current order for stationery is already 6 days overdue. We have a number of valued customers who are being put to some inconvenience. There seems to be no obvious reason why your normally prompt deliveries should become so unreliable. I would be obliged if you would look into this matter as soon as possible. Ours is a small, family business in a town. We depend very much upon the good will of our customers. I' m sure you will settle this problem at your convenience as soon as possible. Your faithfully, Han Lu Mr．Han writes to complain about 46__________ of the ordered goods． His order for stationery has already been late for47__________ when this letter is being written． Mr．Han feels it a pity that the 48__________ deliveries have become so unreliable． According to Mr．Han，this incident has caused 49__________to his customers，upon whose 50__________his small family—run business depends． __________

, amount

When a Letter of Credit has been confirmed, the agent bank in the seller's country usually asks for the shipping documents, and often corite to the seller to say that they are willing to【21】a draft on them for the【22】. This draft (another name for Bill of Exchange) is often【23】to the shipping documents and is called a Documentary Bill of Exchange. Banks often state that the seller can【24】on them for the amount of the Credit.

A buyer or his bank may ask the seller if he is willing to allow them a period of 30, 60, or 90 days to pay. They may write. "can you present your drafts for 60 d/s？" this is a form. of【25】and allows the buyer time to pay. The agent bank will normally accept a draft【26】documents, because they need them to make sure that the title to【27】has been transferred.

Some times the bank demands a letter of【28】so that they have the right to sell the goods if the Bill of Exchange is【29】, that is, if the buyer or his bank do not pay. This does not apply to irrevocable documentary credit.

However, the bank can【30】the Bill of Exchange by deducting the interest for the period the draft has to go before maturity.

(11)

The prevailing(盛行)winds over Britain are southwesterly ones.The weather from day to day is variable，because it is controlled by depressions(低气压)from the Atlantic Ocean which，moving in a northeasterly or easterly direction，pass over or near the British Isles.Occasionally during winter months，between early December and the middle of March，northern winds may sometimes prevail，bringing cold weather and snowfalls which may last for several days or even 2 or 3 weeks，but seldom more than that.The English spring is very changeable，with warm and cold days in between until June.After the first week of May，you can take off your overcoats once and for all until the middle of October.But you certainly have to keep your raincoats and umbrellas close at hand，in any case.

There is always plenty of rain in Britain the whole year round.As a rule，the month with the least rainfall is July.At best，out of the 31 days of July，you might get 21 days of dry weather and sunshine.In July of 1973，London did not see a single drop of rain，but that was a rare exception.At that time，foreign tourists kept on asking the British where they had "imported" their sunshine from.Throughout the British Isles there is an annual rainfall of about 110 centimeters.England alone gets 89 centimeters annually of that British total.On average，May to July are the driest months in England，and November to early March the wettest.A period of as long as 3 weeks without rain is exceptional and normally confined to limited areas like the coasts of southwest England，Wales and the west coast of Scotland.June and July are the months of longest sunlight：from about 4：30 a.m.to 10：00 p.m.

1、Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the climate in Britain？ _____

A、Prevailing southwesterly winds.

B、Variable weather from day to day.

C、Snowfalls lasting for 2-3 weeks every winter.

D、Warm and cold days in between in spring.

2、The depressions from the Atlantic Ocean moved _____.

A、from the northeast to the west

B、from the southwest to the east

C、from the northwest to the southeast

D、from the east to the southwest

3、The period that is both coldest and wettest in Britain is _____.

A、between December and the middle of March

B、between early November and April

C、between November and early March

D、between early December and early March

4、A person who hates both rain and hot weather should choose to visit Britain in _____.

A、May

B、June

C、July

D、August

5、This passage is mainly about _____ in Britain.

A、winds

B、climate

C、sunshine

D、rainfall

Typically, these are concern with the establishment of(66)the network and with the control of the flow of messages across this channel. The provision of such facilities is only part of the network requirements, however, since in many applications the communicating computers may be of different types. This means that they may use different programming languages and, more importantly, different forms of(67)interface between user(application)program, normally referred to, as application processes or APs, and the underlying communication services may be(68)For example, one computer may be a small single -user computer, while another may be a large(69)system. In the earlier days of computer communication, these issues meantthat only closed communities of computers(that is, from the same manufacturer)could communicate with each other in a meaningful way. IBM’s Systems Network.

Architecture (SNA) and DEC's Digital Network Architecture (DNA) are just two examples of Communication software packages produced by manufacturers to allow their systems to be int erconnected together. These proprietary packages, however, of which there am still many inexistence, do not address the problem of universal interconnect ability, or open systems interconnection. In an attempt to alleviate this problem,(70), in the late 1970s, formulated a reference model to provide a common basis (or the coordination of standards developments and to allow existing and evolving standards activities to beplaced into perspective with one another.

A．communication channel access

B．protocols

C．data channel

D．public communication

rnating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly s peaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can he modified.

The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to winking at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep end wakefulness, sleeping during the day end working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p. m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner bas he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.

The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.

This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of' knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. There from, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form. of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.

Why is the question of "how easily people can get used to working at night？" not a mere academic question？

A．Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep aud wakefulness.

B．Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.

C．Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.

D．Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.

y task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hunger—the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us.

I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “free” labour deserves respect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom.

Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.

第31题：1. The word “sanction”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.

［A］ corrective measures

［B］ encouraging methods

［C］ preventive efforts

［D］ revolutionary actions

responsibility of the bride’s family. In most cases it is mainly friends and relations of both families who are invited, but when the bride’s father is businessman of some kind, the wedding reception may provide a useful occasion for establishing social connections with clients or customers and other people whose good will may be of advantage to him. It is, however, the bride’s mother who had the job of sending out the formal printed invitation cards.

In the case of a church wedding, the vicar of each parish in which the ceremony bride and bridegroom live is normally informed about a month in advance of the ceremony so that an announcement of the coming wedding can be made in church on each of three Sundays before it takes place. Anyone who may know of an existing marriage of either partner is ordered to give information about it, though this means of avoiding bigamy must have been more effective in the days when people moved about the world less than they do today. Often up to a hundred or more people attend the religious service and the bride usually wears the traditional long white dress and veil, while her bride - maids, who are often children, wear long dress in attractive colors. This may also happen in the case of a civil wedding in a register office but is probably less usual.

The reception which follows may be held in a restaurant, a local hall or, when there are few guests, in the bride's own home. Refreshments are provided, a special iced wedding - cake is cut (usually to the accompaniment of speeches) and distributed to the guests, toasts are drunk and dancing may follow. At some point in the celebrations, the bride goes off the change into everyday clothes and then leaves the party with her husband to go on their honeymoon, the journey they will make together, often in romantic surroundings abroad.

According to the passage some guests may be invited because _________.

A．they are likely to be annoyed if they are not

B．they may give valuable presents

C．their presence could provide future benefits

D．they may help with the expenses of the wedding