Today, in the minds of most Americans, the American family has meant ______family, co

A．convice of

B．fix in our minds

C．claw at

D．stare at

iates them. Their friends, with good will, sometimes lean forward to rearrange their neckwear, touching their hair or patting their faces-things they would never presume to do, unasked, to one of their contemporaries. An equally humiliating habit is to talk about old people in front of them as if they were not there, discussing their health.

It is now universally accepted that children should be encouraged to do as much as they can for themselves in order to develop their brains and muscles, but so few people today seem to have time to allow the elderly the same means of keeping their minds and muscles active. They perform. innumerable services for the old that they would be much better left to do, even with a struggle, for themselves.

Convenient flats, "motherly" visitors, or organized entertainments cannot make up for the fundamental need which must be satisfied--the need to retain to the end of life human dignity and the respect of one's fellows.

Many people are not aware that it is rather rude to______.

A．talk casually about old people in front of them as if they were not there

B．show sympathy for the old

C．take care of the old when they are not iii

D．pat the faces of the contemporaries

iates them. Their friends, with good will, sometimes lean forward to rearrange their neckwear, touching their hair or patting their faces—things they would never presume to do, unasked, to one of their contemporaries. An equally humiliating habit is to talk about old people in front of them as if they were not there, discussing their health.

It is now universally accepted that children should be encouraged to do as much as they can for themselves in order to develop their brains and muscles, but so few people today seem to have time to allow the elderly the same means of keeping their minds and muscles active. They perform. innumerable services for the old that they would be much better left to do, even with a struggle, for themselves.

Convenient flats, "motherly" visitors, or organized entertainments cannot make up for the fundamental need which must be satisfied the need to retain to the end of life human dignity and the respect of one's fellows.

Many people are not aware that it is rather rude to ______.

A．talk casually about old people in front of them as if they were not there

B．show sympathy for the old

C．take care of the old when they are not ill

D．pat the faces of the contemporaries

de from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.

The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility？ And what about clothing？ Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts？ If we ruin our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means？ Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems？ Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions？ Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life？

These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn't been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it—could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful". Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure, to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future.

What's the old generation's comment on the young？

A．The young are more knowledgeable than they are about the world around.

B．The young treat historical events as seriously as they do.

C．The young do not behave the way they did when they were young.

D．The young tend to ruin their minds to more serious matters.

ally accepted.

First, the teacher s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustrated.

Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again

especially children, to make mistakes.

Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.

A teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, for we are none of us born like that.

Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and by far the most important the children, young people, or adults to whom the subjects are to be taught. The two fundamental principles of British education today are that education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active co-operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.

S1. Plain-looking teachers can also be admired by their students if they have

______________________________________________________________________

S2. The author says it is S2 that teachers be sympathetic with their students.

______________________________________________________________________

S3. A teacher should be tolerant because humans tend to have

______________________________________________________________________

and to be

______________________________________________________________________.

S4. A teacher who is S4 will be able to make his lessons more lively.

______________________________________________________________________

S5. How can a teacher acquire infinite patience？

______________________________________________________________________

S6. Since teaching is a job no one can be perfect at, it is necessary for teachers to keep improving their knowledge of the subjects they teach and their

______________________________________________________________________

S7. Teachers most important object of study is

______________________________________________________________________

S8. Education cannot be best acquired without S8 between the teacher and the learner

______________________________________________________________________

？Read the text below about product brands.

？Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

？For each question 19-33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

？There is an example at the beginning (0).

THE ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE

Although brand image is not the only rest why certain products are successful, it is an extremely important part of an overall marketing strategy. In fact, many manufacturers (19) such a high value on their brands that they employ legal experts to (20) them from misuse by imitators and counterfeit traders. In addition, companies (21) employees with handbooks which (22) how their logos should be used - for example the size and colour of graphics and suitable ways of displaying the product.

Originally the brand was little more than a graphic that helped people to (23) a particular product, but as advertising developed, it grew in (24) As the famous brands became (25) with quality in the minds of consumers, manufacturers found they could (26) top prices for these products in order to recover some of the heavy (27) of advertising. As firms realised their potential value, brands quickly became registered trade marks. Today, branding is widespread and is used to sell both products and services.

Most companies (28) to achieve 'multiple appeal' with their brands. This means that the brand appeals to people of different age groups and lifestyles. The problem for the brand manufacturer is how to keep old customers and at the same time to (29) new ones.

A powerful brand is good for sales, but first this has to be (30) and then maintained through a continuous (31) of image design and advertising. If multiple appeal (32) then regular evaluation of the brand will show this and should (33) in the product being redesigned or the advertising being changed.

(19)

A．present

B．place

C．settle

D．rest

they see.Chances are you will receive three different answers.Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives(感觉、察觉) something different about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds.Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket.Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the crossing.The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children.For perception is the mind's explanation of what the senses - in this case our eyes - tell us.

Many psychologists today are working to try to decide just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him.Using a scientific method, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors.By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

31.Seeing and perceiving are().

A.the same action

B.two separate actions

C.two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

D.several actions that take place at different time

32.Perceiving is an action that takes place().

A.in our eycs

B.only when we think very hard about something

C.only under the direction of a psychologist

D.in every person's mind

33.People perceive different things about the same scene because().

A.they come from different countries

B.they can't agree about things

C.some have better eyesight

D.not clearly mentioned in the passage

34.Psychologists study perception by().

A.setting up many experiments

B.asking each other what they see

C.looking out of the window themselves

D.studying the differences in people's eyes

35.The best title for this passage is().

A.How We See

B.Learning About Our Minds Through Science

C.What Psychologists Perceive

D.How to Become an Experimental Psychologist

Victorian lady was asked what she thought of the idea that humans and animals were descended from a common ancestor. "Let us hope it is not true," she said. (46)

This story is probably apocryphal, but it illustrates well the attitudes of the time. (47) Many people accept Darwin's view of how we came into being that our bodies evolved through the process of natural selection acting on our genes.

However, Darwin believed evolution was responsible for far more than just our physical characteristics. He saw it as the major influence in shaping our psychology. In- deed, he predicted that "in the distant future, psychology will be based on a new foundation". (48)

To proponents of concepts like free will and personal responsibility, such an idea seems absurd. (49) Their research has revealed increasing evidence that the human mind is made up of innate mechanisms, which control everything from the way we perceive time and space, to how we learn survival techniques and choose mates.

(50) Steven Pinker, Professor of Cognitive Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, likens language ability to computer software, "children learn a new word every 90 minutes of their waking life for years, then they have to figure out how to string them together using a kind of mental computer program. The essence of human language is the ability to convey new ideas by putting words together in different combinations. Since we all have this language 'software' in our minds, we can figure out what others are saying by the meanings of the words and the order in which they are arranged."

A. Today, we are more comfortable with out past.

B. "And, if it is true, let us hope it does not become public knowledge."

C. But a growing number of scientists are questioning the extent to which our behavior. is controlled by our culture.

D. Many people are calling for controls on cloning immedicte1y before the practice is abused.

E. The foundation was, of course, his theory of evolution.

F. Nowhere is this more obvious than our innate ability to learn languages.

(46)