If you were taking a short course in computer science, you （) computer programming f

ones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion&39;s patience.

But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it？ "You hear that you shouldn&39;t take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it&39;s bad for you, and we&39;re not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.

Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people&39;s enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they&39;re doing more, not less.

"What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you&39;re looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."

Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn&39;t.

Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you&39;re looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.

To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren&39;t told to take photos.

Was it the satisfying click of the camera？ The physical act of the snap？ No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."

What does the author say about photo-taking in the past？

A.It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.

B.It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.

C.It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.

D.It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.

Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A.what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers

B.whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing

C.how it could help to enrich people’s life experiences

D.Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing

What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show that people taking photos？A.They are distracted from what they are doing.

B.They can better remember what they see or do.

C.They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.

D.They can have a better understanding of the world.

What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses？A.They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.

B.They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.

C.They have a better view of what are on display.

D.They follow the historical events more easily.

What do we learn from the last paragraph？A.It is better to make plans before taking photos.

B.Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.

C.Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.

D.Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Photography was once an expensive， laborious ordeal reserved for life&39;s greatest milestones. Now， the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion&39;s patience.

But is there another cost， a deeper cost， to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it？ “You hear that you shouldn&39;t take all these photos and interrupt the experience， and it&39;s bad for you， and we&39;re not living in the present moment，” says Kristin Diehl， associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.

Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true， so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people&39;s enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results， published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology， surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they&39;re doing more， not less.

“What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently， because you&39;re looking for things you want to capture， that you may want to hang onto，” Diehl explains. “That gets people more engaged in the experience， and they tend to enjoy it more.”Take sightseeing. In one experiment， nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more， and said they were more engaged， than those who didn&39;t.

Snapping a photo directs attention， which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you&39;re looking at， Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums， where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. “People look longer at things they want to photograph，” Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more， too.

To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere， it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch， they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren&39;t told to take photos.

Was it the satisfying click of the camera？ The physical act of the snap？ No， they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. “If you want to take mental photos， that works the same way，” Diehl says. “Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged.”

What does the author say about photo-taking in the past？

A.It was a painstaking effort for recording life‘s major events.

B.It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.

C.It was a good way to preserve one‘s precious images.

D.It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.

Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A.what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers

B.whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing

C.how it could help to enrich people‘s life experiences

D.Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing

What do the results of Diehl‘s experiments show that people taking photos？A.They are distracted from what they are doing.

B.They can better remember what they see or do.

C.They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.

D.They can have a better understanding of the world.

What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses？A.They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.

B.They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.

C.They have a better view of what are on display.

D.They follow the historical events more easily.

What do we learn from the last paragraph？A.It is better to make plans before taking photos.

B.Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.

C.Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.

D.Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

The ancient Greeks developed basic memory systems called Mnemonics. The name is(1)from their Goddess of Memory, Mnemosene. In the ancient world, a trained memory was an(2)asset, particularly in public life. There were no(3)devices for taking notes and early Greek orators (演说家) delivered long speeches with great(4)because they learned the speeches using Mnemonic systems.

The Greeks discovered that human memory is(5)an associative process—that it works by linking things together. For example, think of an apple. The(6)your brain registers the word "apple", it(7)the shape, colour, taste, smell and(8)of that fruit. All these things are associated in your memory with the word "apple".

(9). An example could be when you think about a lecture you have had. This could trigger a memory about what you were talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory.

(10). An example given on a website I was looking at follows: Do you remember the shape of Austria, Canada, Belgium or Germany？ Probably not. What about Italy, though？(11)You made an association with something already known, the shape of a boot, and Italy's shape could not be forgotten once you had made the association.

从供选择的答案中选出应填入英语文句中()的正确的答案。

Toolboxes and menus in many application programs were (A) for working with the mouse. The mouse controls a pointer on the screen. You move the pointer by (B) the mouse over a flat surface in the direction you want the pointer to move. If you run out of (C) to move the mouse, lift it up and put it down again. The pointer moves only when the mouse is (D) the flat surface. Moving the mouse pointer across the screen does not affect the document, the pointer simply (E) a location on the screen. When you press the mouse button, something happens at the location of the pointer.

A: ① assigned ② designed ③ desired ④ expressed

B: ① putting ② sliding ③ serving ④ taking

C: ① board ② place ③ room ④ table

D: ① getting ② going ③ teaching ④ touching

E: ① constructs ② indicates ③ instructs ④ processes

five miles a day. Today, the【C1】______person fails to 【C2】______ that distance in a week. Its 【C3】______the ratio of fatness has soared—with serious implications for health. What we have【C4】______ in convenience from labour-saving devices over the past half-century, we have paid for【C5】______ a sharp decline in physical activity. We use cars, buses or trains to【C6】______ work; our children are 【C7】______ to school; elevators and lifts have replaced【C8】______stairs in shopping centres, offices and apartment blocks. Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers and electric mowers all reduce the effort required to【C9】______a clean and tidy home. Almost one third of adults 【C10】______ over ten hours sitting down every day,adding【C11】______a staggering average of 32 years and four months over a lifetime. 【C12】______ surprising, then, that researchers 【C13】______this lifestyle. for our weight gain. Of course, our diets have changed, too, 【C14】______the fact is that we consume fewer calories now than in the 1960s. So what is the 【C15】______？ The secret is integrated exercise. This【C16】______going about your normal daily life—but doing it with enthusiasm. It might mean standing to【C17】______the phone and tapping your feet on the floor as you work. It means never taking the car when you could walk; it means standing on short train and bus【C18】______, or walking at a pace【C19】______you feel you might break into a run if you were to go any【C20】______.

【C1】

A．average

B．common

C．familiar

D．normal

ll it？ (21) this happens again, do not try to recall it. Do something (22) for a couple of minutes, and the name may come into your head. The name is there. Since you have met (23) person and learned his name. It only has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall (24) the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious (25) that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't loosen your memory; it only tightens it. Students find the preparatory method helpful (26) examinations. They read over the questions (27) trying to answer any of them. Then they answer first the ones (28) which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking (29) ; work is being done on the more difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers to the more difficult ones will usually begin to (30) into consciousness. It is often just a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.

21.

A. Whether

B. When

C. While

D. As

ll it？【21】this happens again, do not try to recall it. Do something【22】for a couple of minutes, and the name may come into your head. The name is there. Since you have met【23】person and learned his name. It only has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall【24】the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious【25】that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't loosen your memory; it only tightens it. Students find the preparatory method helpful【26】examinations. They read over the questions【27】trying to answer any of them. Then they answer first the ones【28】which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking【29】; work is being done on the more difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers to the more difficult ones will usually begin to【30】into consciousness. It is often just a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.

(61)

A．Whether

B．When

C．While

D．As

was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography seized America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far corners of the earth. Eastman called his now famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that' he liked the word. It was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language.

An immediate consequence of Eastman's invention was a number of amateur (业余的) photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word was borrowed from hunters' jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good day's shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon.

The Kodak made photography not easy but fun. Almost overnight photography became one of the world's most popular hobbies. A new and ubiquitous(普遍存在的) folk art was born; the showing of one's latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes. Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One amateur was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took innumerable photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, "In my opinion you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it."

"The little black box," as the Kodak was affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way people communicated. "A picture is worth a thousand words" was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone--1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak--it is estimated that close to thirty billion pictures were taken worldwide. Haft of these, fifteen billion, were taken in the United States alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally incredible.

Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has vastly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photographs have immeasurably extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings.

Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his "little black box" ？

What is the underlying significance of the invention of the Kodak？

A．It marked the beginning of manufacturing small cameras.

B．It met the need of photographers in America and Europe.

C．It made picture-taking suddenly popular among ordinary people.

D．It made the work of professionals more enjoyable.

Dialogue Two

John: Oh Anne， that was a wonderful dinner. That‘s the best meal I‘ve had in a long time.

Anne: Oh， thank you! Thank you very much.

John: Can I give you a hand with the dishes？

Anne: Uh-uh， don‘t bother. ___ 5 ___ Hey， would you like me to fix some coffee？

John: Uh， thanks a lot. I‘d love some. Uh， would you mind if I smoke？

Anne: Why， not at all. Here， let me get you an ashtray.

John: Aw， thanks very much...Oh， Anne，___ 6 ___

Anne: Actually， I‘ve only just learned how， you know. It‘s because I‘ve been taking these courses.

John: Why， I can‘t cook at all， can‘t even boil an egg.

Anne: No kidding.___ 7 ___ you could take a couple of classes over at Sheridan College and learn how to do it too.

John: Aw， thanks a lot.

第5题__________ 查看材料

A.I didn"t realize you were such a good cook.

B.I" 11 do them myself later.

C.Well， you know， if you want to，

D.Do you make it by yourself？

arted caddying (当球童) at a nearby country club. All the kids in the neighborhood did it, and I liked it a lot. I go to watch people who were generally pretty wealthy. They were businessmen and doctors. I would listen to them talking about things and see how they behaved with each other. It was like a fly on the wall at a meeting. The second job was at a shoe store. I constantly met people from all walks of life and the challenge was exciting. I'd start bringing them different kinds of shoes and get right down there and put them on their feet. If they didn't like a certain shoe, I always tried to be thinking ahead to a pair they might like better. It was like stepping up to the plate in a baseball game. Every time someone walked into that store, I was going to bat and taking a swing. I never wanted to let a customer get out of that store without buying a pair of shoes to his satisfaction. This job helped teach me an important business lesson: You have to take risks in business. If you take a risk and fail, get up to bat and swing again.

1). The author thinks what he has learned from his first job is ().

2). The phrase "people from all walks of life" in the third paragraph means people ().

3). The author thinks his second job is ().

4). The author compares his second job to ().

5). The business lesson the author gets from selling shoes is ().

(1).A、how to learn to like a job

B、how to talk and behave properly

C、how to become wealthy

D、how to listen to people

(2).A、walking in different ways

B、having different interests in life

C、coming from different parts of the city

D、working in different occupations

(3).A、challenging

B、important

C、different

D、satisfying

(4).A、a fly on the wall at a meeting

B、stepping into a golf course

C、joining a baseball game

D、taking a bat to swing

(5).A、thinking ahead of the customers

B、trying every possible way to satisfy a customer

C、never be afraid of taking risks

D、never let go anyone walking into the shop