____the friendly business relations between us, we are prepared to offer you bathtowels at prices that are 5% _____ the prevailing prices.

nd helpful most Americans were to them. (到美国的访问者一贯带回来的报告是多数美国人对他们是多么的友好、谦恭和乐于助人)To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.

Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.

Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.

The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.

1.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.

A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US

B.small-minded officials deserve a serious comment

C.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors

D.most Americans are ready to offer help

2.It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.

A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship

B.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated

C.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends

D.social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions

3.Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.

A.to improve their hard life

B.in view of their long-distance travel

C.to add some flavor to their own daily life

D.out of a charitable impulse

4.The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.

A.tends to be superficial and artificial

B.is generally well kept up in the United States

C.is always understood properly

D.has something to do with the busy tourist trails

5.What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness？

A.Favorable.

B.Unfavorable.

C.Indifferent.

D.Neutral.

nel on Climate Change have provided the scientific evidence of human impact on the climate, and a glimpse of what the future may hold if we don’t act fast. But while the consensus may be growing on the need for changes in behavior, we’re no closer to understanding how we're going to do it. Attempting an unprecedented shift in human behavior. without the input of psychologists is like setting sail for a faraway land without the aid of nautical maps

Psychological research shows that most people in the UK don't feel personally threatened by climate change because it is vague, abstract and difficult to visualize. This means that doomsday scenarios and apocalyptic language are unlikely to work-although fear can motivate behavior. change. it only works when people feel personally vulnerable

An American study played people recordings of actors delivering speeches about climate change. The version that people responded to the best talked about “air pollution” rather than “climate change”- because pollution is something visible that they could relate to, with strong connotations of dirtiness and poor health. Climate change is about much more than just dirty air, but finding ways of making climate change more visible is critical. People simply don' t worry about things they can't see (or even imagine). One approach that has been used to increase the amount that people use public transport breaks down habits into simple " if…then” plans. To change a habitual behavior, a person has to identify a goal (drive less, for example), a behavior. they want to perform. in pursuit of that goal get the bus to work on Fridays)and a situation that will trigger the behavior. (having enough time to catch the bus)

Of course, some people are cautious about committing themselves to changes in their personal behavior. They argue that political agreements and technological advances will do more to reduce green-house gases than anything an individual could achieve. But while it is comforting to draw sharp distinctions between politics, technology and individuals, the reality is that human behavior. supports it all. Political parties will not pass legislation that is patently unpopular among the electorate Technology can provide low-carbon alternatives like electric buses. But a zero-emissions bus will have zero passengers unless people decide to use

If the thought of psychologically informed lifestyle. change campaigns sounds a bit too Big Brother for your liking, then consider the alternative millions of pounds spent on technology that is never taken up, and a market-based system of economic coercion that penalizes the poor while the rich keep polluting. Without an understanding of what drives people environmental behavior, the dream of a low-carbon society will remain forever out of reach

1、In face of climate change, most people_______

A. turn a blind eye to the approaching threat

B. feel unable to take such a big responsibility

C. endeavor to find out a solution with psychology

D. take no environmentally friendly action

2、Which of the following activities might be the most effective way to

motivate environmental behaviors？

A. Watching a disaster film

B. Holding a speech on climate change.

C. Appealing for green lights

D. Publicizing lawn adoption

3、The author writes Paragraph 4 to__________

A. deny the role of politics and technology in environmental protection

B. explain how to divide responsibilities in environmental protection

C. show individuals, politics and technology are indispensable in environmental protection

D. display the importance of human behavior. in environmental protection

4、The phrase "Big Brother"(Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably means

A. manipulative

B. troublesome

C. insightful

D. progressive

5、Which of the following is the best title for this text？

A. Behavior. change is the most important link in environmental protection

B. Psychology is the missing link in the climate change debate

C. The motivation of people’ s environmental behavior.

D. The psychological way to change human behavior.

The covering letter should be as friendly and informal as possible.()

A.knowninternal

B.managed

C.friendly

D.knownexternal

A dog is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal.英译汉

A.friend

B.friendly

C.friend to

D.friendly to