Hawaii is __ island that attracts __ many tourists.

A.people

B.area

C.custom

D.landscape

A．one island

B．twenty islands

C．sixty-four islands

D．hundreds of islands

What are the beauties of Hawaii？ Let’s start with four.The beach, famous for its water

What are the beauties of Hawaii？ Let’s start with four.

The beach, famous for its water temperature, air temperature and waves, is the first beauty.There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii.They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world.

Then, what do you think would be the second beautiful thing？ It is volcanoes (火山), of course.These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands; they made the islands in the first place.Because of them the islands are still growing.

What would be the third thing of beauty that the first visitor to Hawaii would notice？ It probably wouldn’t be just one thing, but many things: all the wonderful fruits and flower s of the islands.Sugar cane, bananas and pineapples are Hawaii’s biggest exports.Sugar cane has been growing in Hawaii for a thousand years.As for pineapples, the islands produce more than any other places in the world, which has made Dole Company the b iggest fruit-packing company in the world.

The fourth and most beautiful thing about Hawaii is the people who live there.The Hawaiians never rush, and perhaps this is because they care more for human life than they care for the machine.There is an old H awaiian law that a man can go to sleep in the middle of the road if he wants to.What makes the people of Hawaii so beautiful is their feeling about people.There are 64 different combinations of races on the islands, and they all live in peace.They belie ve “Above all nations is humanity.” That is the most beautiful thing of all.

1.According to the passage, Hawaii is made up of().

A.one island

B.twenty islands

C.sixty-four islands

D.hundreds of islands

2.Why are the volcanoes so special to the islands？()

A.They are not a part of the islands

B.They actually made the islands

C.They are the first in the world

D.They are growing

3.What has made Dole Company the biggest fruit-packing company in the world？()

A.Sugar

B.Sugar cane

C.Bananas

D.Pineapples

4.The people in Hawaii are the most beautiful thing because().

A.they had a peaceful history

B.they can sleep in the middle of the road

C.there are 64 different races on the islands

D.they care more for people than anything else

5.According to the passage, “above all nations is humanity” might mean ().

A.not all nations have humanity

B.humanity is as important as a nation

C.humanity has no national boundaries

D.all human being s should live in peace

Mauna Kea in Hawaii: Astronomy on the World's Highest Island Mountain

Four thousand years ago, a volcano exploded in a far away area of the Pacific Ocean. Today, the Mauna Kea volcano is inactive. It is on the Big Island in the state of Hawaii. It is the highest mountain on any island in the world. It is also the highest mountain in the Pacific Ocean. And it is one of the best places in the world to study the heavens. This is because the air is clear, dry and generally free from pollution. Astronomers from around the world come to the Manna Kea observatory to explore the universe.

Go Up to the Mountaintop

Astronomers must compete for observation time on Mauna Kea. But visitors are welcome any time. They must either walk up more than four thousand kilometers to the top of the mountain. Or they can join a guided vehicle tour that leaves from the Mauna Kea Visitors Center, about two-thirds of the way up the mountain. Erik West is our guide for the trip up the mountain.

Mr. West says visitors who want to drive up the mountain must have a special kind of four wheel-drive vehicle. He also explains some health and safety issues because of the height of the mountain. Being at such a high elevation can affect people's health.

Visitors must not have any heart or breathing problems. They must not have dived deep underwater in the past twenty-four hours. And visitors must be over the age of sixteen.

Now we are ready to drive our vehicles up the mountain. One behind the other, the cars follow a steep road during the forty-five minute drive. They drive over lava rock created by the volcano when it was active.

Tour Around the Astronomy

When we reach the top of the mountain, we get out of our vehicles. We see a group of domed observatories that look like a garden of giant mushrooms. The air up here is cool. Mr. West warns that the air can make people sick because it has forty percent less oxygen than at sea level. He says it has different effects on people. Some people feel light-headed, dizzy or sick to their stomachs. If any people get so sick that they need oxygen, they must leave and go back down the mountain.

The first large telescope was built on Manna Kea in nineteen seventy. Now there are thirteen groups of observatories. One of them is called SMA, or Submillimeter Array. It includes eight different telescopes that operate together. Eleven countries and several universities are involved with the telescopes. Tile biggest telescopes are the ten-meter Keck telescopes. Mr. West says telescopes keep getting bigger because astronomers want to be able to collect as much light as possible.

How the Astronomy Works

The Keck One and Keck Two are world's largest optical and infrared 红外线) telescopes. Their mirrors are divided into thirty-six hexagonal(六边形) parts. They work together as one piece of reflective glass. During the day, Keck One is a sleeping giant of steel devices closed inside a protective covering. The dome covering weighs about seven hundred tons. It is about thirty meters to the top of the dome. The whole minor structure is about twenty-four meters tall.

The real action begins at sundown. The dome opens and starts rotating to where the astronomers need it. The mirror rotates to the place where they will be observing. Throughout the night, the mirror moves to follow an object as it crosses the sky. But the astronomers are not near the telescopes. They are in the control room keeping warm.

Over the years, astronomers have made many important discoveries here. They have discovered new moons around Jupiter (木星). They have taken pictures that help measure the expansion of the universe. They have observed hundreds of small objects orbiting the Sun past the orbit of the planet Neptune(海王星).

Mr. Rolf Kudritzki, the director of the University of Hawaii's Institute for A

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

1.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

A.its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

D.her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.

2.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

A.its geographical features

B.its protective surroundings.

C.its religious implications.

D.its existing infrastructure.

3.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

A.it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

B.it reminds them of a humiliating history.

C.their culture will lose a chance of revival.

D.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today"s astronomy

A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

C.may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

D.will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.

5.The author"s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

A.severe criticism

B.passive acceptance

C.slight hesitancy

D.full approval

h that is converted to heat buildings and generate electricity. The idea of harnessing Earths internal heat is not new. As early as 1904, geothermal power was used in Italy. Today, Earths natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including Russia, Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide production is appr0aching 9,000 MW (equivalent to nine large modern coalburning or nuclear power plants)—double the amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from geothermal energy at a cost competitive with that of other energy sources. In El Salvador, geothermal energy is supplying 30% of the total electric energy used. However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total energy supply. → Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates of extraction are greater than rates of natural replenishment. However, geothermal energy has its origin in the natural heat production within Earth, and only a small fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most ge0thermal energy production involves the tapping of high heat sources; people are also using the low-temperature geothermal energy of groundwater in some applications. Geothermal Systems →A The average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about 0.06 W/m2.B This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2 from solar heat at the surface in the United States. However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to be useful for producing energy. For the most part, areas of high heat flow are associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems (divergent plate boundaries) and areas where mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs are forming (convergent plate boundaries) are areas where this natural heat flow is anomalously high. C On the basis of geological criteria, several types of hot geothermal systems (with temperatures greater than about 80℃, or 176°F) have been defined, and the resource base is larger than that of fossil fuels and nuclear energy combined. A common system for energy development is hydrothermal convection, characterized by the circulation of steam and/or hot water that transfers heat from depths to the surface. D Geothermal Energy and the Environment → The environmental impact of geothermal energy may not be as extensive as that of other sources of energy, but it can be considerable. When geothermal energy is developed at a particular site, environmental problems include on-site noise, emissions of gas, and disturbance of the land at drilling sites, disposal sites, roads and pipelines, and power plants. Development of geothermal energy does not require large-scale transportation of raw materials or refining of chemicals, as development of fossil fuels does. Furthermore, geothermal energy does not produce the atmospheric pollutants associated with burning fossil fuels or the radioactive waste associated with nuclear energy. However, geothermal development often does produce considerable thermal pollution from hot waste-waters, which may be saline or highly corrosive, producing disposal and treatment problems. → Geothermal power is not very popular in some locations among some people. For instance, geothermal energy has been produced for years on the island of Hawaii, where active volcanic processes provide abundant near-surface heat. There is controversy, however, over further exploration and development. Native Hawaiians and others have argued that the exploration and development of geothermal energy degrade the tropical forest as developers construct roads, build facilities, and drill wells. In addition, religious and cultural issues in Hawaii relate to the use of geothermal energy. For example, some people are offended by using the "breath and water of Pele" (the volcano goddess) to make electricity. This issue points out the importance of being sensitive to the values and cultures of people where development is planned. Future of Geothermal Energy At present, geothermal energy supplies only a small fraction of the electrical energy produced in the United States. However, if developed, known geothermal resources in the United States could produce about 20,000 MW which is about 10% of the electricity needed for the western states. Geohydrothermal resources not yet discovered could conservatively provide four times that amount (approximately 10% of total U.S. electric capacity), about equivalent to the electricity produced from water power today.

In paragraph 1, the author introduces the concept of geothermal energy by

A．explaining the history of this energy source worldwide

B．arguing that this energy source has been tried unsuccessfully

C．comparing the production with that of other energy sources

D．describing the alternatives for generating electric power

A.Alaska and California

B.Hawaii and Washington

C.Alaska and Hawaii

D.Maryland and Texas

A.Hawaii is made up of a large group of big and small islands.

B.There are numerous active volcanoes in Hawai

C.More than 40% of the local residents in Hawaii are American Asians.

D.The Japanese attacked Pear Harbor on December 7, 1941.

A.Texas

B.Alaska

C.California

D.Hawaii