Why do people pay attention to their body？A.Because people are fascinated by their own

A.that

B.why

C.what

D.which

nt protection．

A．why B．because C．that D．since

te the practice. It seems so arbitrary, after all. Why does a barman get a tip, but not a doctor who saves lives？

In America alone, tipping is now a ＄16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they？ The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.

Such explanations no doubt explain the purported origin of tipping—in the 16th century, boxes in English taverns carried the phrase "To Insure Promptitude" (later just "TIP"). But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful function.

The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.

Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries ＄2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.

How to account for these national differences？ Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, "In America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion, no doubt.

While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually stimulate the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. Service people should "just be paid a decent wage" which may actually make economic sense.

Which is tree according to the passage？

A．It is regulated that the customers must pay a tip if they want to get good service.

B．There exists the tipping custom in each country.

C．In some countries, tipping has become an industry.

D．More and more people are in favor of tipping.

Reading Comprehension

Directions:There are two passages iⅡthis part． Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should decide on the best choice．

Questions 56- 60 are based on Passage One:

Passage One

The law says that women should have the chance of doing the same jobs as men and earn the same as them．

The reality is very different．Women lose because, 25 years after the Equal Pay Act,many of them still get paid less than men．

They lose because they do lower-paid jobs which men just won't consider．And they lose because they are the ones who interrupt a career to have children．

All this is reported in an independent study ordered by the Government's Women's Unite．

The biggest problem isn't equal pay in workplaces such as factories．It is a sort of work women do．Make a list of the low-paid jobs, then consider who do them．

Try nurses, secretaries, cleaners, clerks, teachers in primary schools, dinner ladies,and child care helpers． Not a lot of men among that group, are there？

Yet some of those jobs are really important．Surely no one would deny that about nurses and teachers, for a start．

So why do we reward the people who do them so poorly？ There can be only one answer—because they are women．

This is not going to be put right overnight． But the Government which employs a lot of them, and other bosses have to make a start．

It is disgraceful(可耻的) that we have gone into the 21st century but still treat women as second-class citizens．

Women should have the chance of doing the same jobs and be paid equally as Men()．

A． after 25 years

B． according to the law

C． as a result of the Equal Pay Act

D． because women are as strong as men

A. why

B. that

C. what

D. which

Save Money by Understanding Why You Spend It

To save money, you simply need to spend less than you earn. It is easy to say, but why is' it so difficult to do？ To answer this question, you need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time.

Easy access to credit

For most people, this is the biggest reason for overspending. People can easily get a credit card, simply by filling out a short form. in a bank or jumping on their website. They can borrow money from banks to go shopping, even buy cars or houses. When you aren't physically handing someone money or a check for a purchase, you will feel you are spending free money or you aren't spending money at all. Try using cash to get your spending under control.

Misusing credit cards

A credit card is an interest free short-term loan. When used as planned, this can be a powerful financial tool. The problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to month. If you make a $200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can't afford to repay the full amount, this is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt you. That is no way of saving money.

Giving in to temptation

We all need to enjoy life, but don't waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren't in your budget. When you know that you can't afford an activity, don't give in. Instead, invite your friends over for a home dinner party, game night, or some other activities where you can still enjoy time together, but without breaking your budget.

() 26. For most people, easy access to credit is the biggest reason for overspending.

() 27. Using credit card is an effective way to get your spending under control.

() 28. You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month.

() 29. Using a credit card to pay is spending free money.

() 30. Always pay attention to your budget while spending.

What does the author suggest that the government should do for women workers？

A. To ensure equal pay for women.

B. No solution is clearly suggested.

C. To explain why women are paidless.

D. To force employers to hire more women.

- Hello. I'm looking for a flat, but I can't pay much. - _____________

A、How much do you expect？

B、Oh, please don't bother me.

C、Why do you ask？

D、It's useless to ask me.

that you don't see, isn't it？ Many Americans spend money that isn't even there and get deeper and deeper in debt. Why do so many people spend more than they have？ "Buy now, pay later" has become an American way of life. Recently, American households spent nearly 11 billion dollars more than they earned, creating a negative saving rate.

There are two ideas—one, living within your means, and the idea that living on debt is a great equalizer(平衡装置). They both have validity because it is important that someone live within their means over their lifetime. When people are young and they are earning money, but they have very little savings, they almost have to borrow in order to own a house or own a car. But as they grow older, they should develop the habit of saving, so that by the time they reach the end of their earning life, they have savings to live on in retirement, and live within their means.

"Buy now, pay later" worked very well for us in the 1990s, but one suspects it won't work forever. The only thing that concerns me is that Americans are so contented, so optimistic, so unconcerned about any bumps in the road that many American households, not all of them, but many American households are very heavily extended in personal credit, a lot of credit card debt. People are paying very high prices for houses and borrowing heavily against those prices; and if we do run into a bump in the road, a recession, there are going to be a lot of households, not all of them, but many households that Ml be severely squeezed. That means we're more vulnerable to serious financial distress than Japan is. Japan has been in financial distress for ten years, but one reason it's been able to weather that is that the households had been very conservative, had a lot of savings, were very liquid, and were able to weather difficult times. And many American households would now be less able to do that because they are so heavily in debt.

We know from the passage that credit cards

A．make Americans get deeper and deeper in debt

B．are likely to be abandoned by more Americans

C．will soon become a symbol of American life

D．will help solve potential financial problems