（)Act is a federal statute that permits private parties to sue companies for fraud on behalf of the government and share in any monetary recovery.

A.Federal Trade Commission Act

B.Robinson-Patman Act

C.Clayton Act

D.Sherman Antitrust Act

A.Securities Act of 1933

B.Securities Exchange Act of 1934

C.Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

D.Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform. and Consumer Protection Act of 2010

line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City's Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton's administration launched the "No Sweat" campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.

This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Con duct, a promise to serf-regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation's largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $1 billion garment business that would make it the country's 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections. Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the cede, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. "I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements," she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.

What is this passage mainly concerned with？

A．The functions of the Department of Labor in America.

B．A serious problem threatening American economy.

C．The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.

D．The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.

estions 41—45， choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks．There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the blanks．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points) Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes，should we？Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom？ This may sound like a fanciful concern，but it is an increasingly real one．The new federal transportation bill，for example，authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments—but by making the crime practically impossible to commit．(41)______ The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the“perfect prevention”of crime：depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place．The federal government’s Intelligent Transportation Systems program，which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights，could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light．(42)______ Such technologies force US to reconcile two important interests．On one hand is society’s desire for safety and security．On the other hand is the individual’S right to act freely． Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime，but punishing them if they do． The perfect prevention of crime asks US to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends．Does freedom include a“right”to drive drunk．for instance？It is hard to imagine that it does．(43)______ For most familiar crimes(murder，robbery，rape，arson)，the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind，whether it is intent，recklessness or negligence． (44)______ In such cases，using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom；it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute．Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense，the government could require，for instance．that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills，thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible，without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller． But because the government must not intrude on people’s thoughts，perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses．(45) ______ Even if this could be known，perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan，collecting such knowledge would violate an individual’s freedom of thought． Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention，and for strict— liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly．But for most offenses，the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach．This is not because people have a right to commit crimes；they do not．Rather，perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts，even when those thoughts turn to crime． A．But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actor’s state of mind：so．called strict—liability offenses．One example is the sale of tainted drugs． Another is drunken driving． B．The Dadss program，despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving，is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers’behavior. and controls individual’s free will． C．And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of l998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions，making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials， including video games． D．If the actor doesn’t have the guilty state of mind，and he commits crime involuntarily，in this case，the actor will be convicted as innocent． E．Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state． F．The program，the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety(Dadss)，is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver’s blood—alcohol level and，if that level is above the legal limit，prevents the car from starting． G．But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate？ This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom．We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases． ___________

Highways

Early in the 20th century, most of the street and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for the horse, carriage and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate automobiles.

With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using certifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads thorough the country nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army's first transcontinental motor convey, he noted "the old convoy had started me thinking about good, twoline highway, but Germany's autobahn motorways had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land."

It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in truck and new roads required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36.000 pounds, while other restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed FederalAid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.

The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of century. To build its 44000mile web of highways, bridges and tunnel, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be work out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plants. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of the road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, bridges, overpasses and interchanges that could run through and bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.

Longspan, segmentconcrete, cabstayed bridges such as Hale boggs in Louisian and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like fort McHenry in Maryland and Mr. Baker in Washington, met many of the nation's challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban and streets and traffic patterns.

Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., with Canada and Mexico. Build with the safety in mind, the highways have wide lines and shoulders dividing and median or barrier, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited success. The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S. road (0.86 deaths per 100 million passengers miles compare to 1.99 death per 100 million on all other roads).

By opening the North American continent, highways have enable consumer goods services to reach people in remote and rural area of the country, spurred the suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terra of jobs, access to c

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

rate of 7%, and is in the middle of the largest peacetime expansion in American history. We read in the newspapers that practically everyone who wants a job can get one. Microsoft is running advertisements in the New York Times practically begging Congress to issue more visas for foreign computer and information technology workers.

In this environment, it is shocking that one group of Americans, people with disabilities, have such a high level of unemployment: 30% are not employed the same percentage as when the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Not only did their employment and labor earnings fall during the recession of the early 1990s, but employment and earnings continued to fall during the long economic expansion that followed. Many of these people are skilled professionals who are highly marketable in today's economy.

Part of the problem is discrimination, and part recent court rulings favoring employers in ADA lawsuits. Discrimination against people with disabilities is, unfortunately, alive and well, despite the legal prohibitions against discrimination in hiring people with disabilities. 79% of disabled people who are unemployed cite discrimination in the workplace and lack of transportation as major factors that prevent them from working. Studies have also shown that people with disabilities who find jobs earn less than their co-workers, and are less likely to be promoted.

Unfavorable court rulings have not been helpful, either. Research by law professor Ruth Colker of Ohio State University has shown that in the eight years after the ADA went into effect, employer-defendants prevailed in more than 93% of the eases decided by trial. Of the cases appealed, employers prevailed 84% of the time. Robert Burgdorf, Ir., who helped draft the ADA, has written, "legal analysis has proceeded quite a way down the wrong road". Disability activists and other legal scholars point out that Congress intended the ADA as a national mandate for the ending of discrimination against people-with disabilities. Instead, what has occurred, in the words of one writer, is that the courts "have narrowed the scope of the law, redefined 'disability,' raised the price of access to justice and generally deemed disability discrimination as not worthy of serious remedy".

But perhaps the greatest single problem is the federal government itself, where laws and regulations designed to help disabled people actually provide an economic disincentive to work. As Sen. Edward Kennedy wrote, "the high unemployment rate among people receiving federal disability benefits is not because their federal benefits programs have 'front doors that are too big', but because they have 'back doors that are too small'".

The advertisement made by Microsoft shows that _____.

A．a great number of jobs have been created in the U.S..

B．foreign workers are favored over domestic workers.

C．working visa is very hard to be issued to foreign workers.

D．many domestic workers will lose their jobs to foreigners.

untry s resources and infrastructure. ()