In an urban society in which fast-paced and stressful work surrounds you in life, expe

essence of a harmonious society is affluence, the development of a country should go from being moderately well-off into being well-off and affluent; from having big gaps in income to narrowing gaps; from dealing with poverty to eliminating poverty. In a harmonious society people at all levels respect each other. Labour, knowledge, technology and capital are all factors of wealth creation, which can make profits and should be respected so long as they have made contributions to society. A harmonious society should see honest, friendly and harmonious relationships and just, fair and open competition between social members, regions and departments. In such a society, competition will optimize the distribution of resources, foster technological progress, develop social productivity and raise overall national strength. A harmonious society advocates an overall, co-ordinated and sustainable development concept, making the interests of different sectors balanced. So long as we follow this scientific development concept, we can get rid of social unrest and the destruction of natural resources that generally occurs in developing nations. During this period, we should pay attention to the relationship between humanity and nature, properly protect natural resources, reduce pollution and make efforts to raise the quality of the environment in order to realize sustainable development. A harmonious society should also see great improvements in morals and education. The strategy of invigorating the nation by education should be followed and elementary education and higher education universalized. Various academic theories should flourish. China has attached much importance to education, particularly compulsory education. The central government has planned fee exemptions and subsidies for students in 592 poor counties included in the national poverty-relief programme by 2007. Some experts want to extend the policy to poor families both in urban and rural areas. In addition, a harmonious society is also manifested by the gradual improvement of the legal system and standardized social management. A harmonious society is a society with the rule of law, where there is ordered market competition, strict market management and standard market behaviour. We have much work to do in these areas.

(1)This passage is to_______.

A. inform

B. narrate

C. argue

D. describe

(2)The passage mainly deals with_______.

A. how to turn a society into a harmonious one

B. how enjoyable to live in a harmonious society

C. how much work we have to do to make our society harmonious

D. what a harmonious society is like

(3)We can learn from the passage that _______.

A. in a harmonious society, income gaps possibly will be bigger

B. there is still poverty in a harmonious society

C. most important of all, a harmonious society is characterized by prosperity

D. people's living standards will remain the same as economy develops

(4)Which of the following is true according to the passage？

A. Only labor and capital make profits in a harmonious society.

B. Knowledge and technology can also make contribution to society.

C. Knowledge and technology should be respected more in a harmonious society.

D. Labor, knowledge, technology and capital are not all important in wealth creation.

(5)What can people enjoy in a harmonious society except _______.

A. good interpersonal relationships

B. fierce competition

C. scientific, sustainable development and better environment

D. progress in morals, education, the legal system and standardized social management

s that modem society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.

Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style. of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.

These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity. For in- stance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior. including gambling, drugs, etc. large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior. seem to be outcomes of large population size.

Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph？

A．Two contrasting views are presented.

B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.

C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.

D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.

they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both former East Germany and former West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.

It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women's liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs and careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce, couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.

These circumstances—women working outside the home and the instability of marriage—tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.

Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2000. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women？ and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries and aspirations will exceed resources. All this leads to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control the news is encouraging.

During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the United States ______.

A．increased

B．experienced both falls and rises

C．was reduced

D．remained stable

. Upon closer examination, however, we start to understand the connections between the two. The “good health” of natural systems is a precondition for the “good health” of our social and economic systems. Can one say that a society is thriving when it is exposed to air and water pollution and endures related health problems？ Equally, can a society “function” if a large proportion of people are unemployed or cannot make ends meet？

Despite gaps and uncertainties in our understanding, we can see that our world is changing. After 10,000 years of relative stability, the average global temperature is increasing. Although the European Union’s (EU’s) greenhouse gas emissions are declining, fossil fuels release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere than our land and oceans can absorb. Some regions are more vulnerable to the potential impacts of climate change – and t

1Though different understandings exist, one thing people all recognize is that __________.

A、more greenhouse gases are emitted than our land can absorb

B、the world we are living in is different from what it was before

C、some countries are too vulnerable to adapt to climate change

D、EU countries are producing less greenhouse gas emissions now

2Additional pressure on our natural systems can result from ___________.

A、the change of lifestyles of people in the developed countries

B、the accelerated extinction rates of plant and animal species

C、the improvement of living standards in developing countries

D、the risk of turning our home into an unlivable place for us

3What is a main cause of global biodiversity loss？

A、The disappearance of natural habitats caused by human activities.

B、The increase of the average temperature in the world.

C、The release of excessive greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

D、The consumption and production patterns we follow today.

4Why are large areas of forests cut down every year according to the passage？

A、To provide wood for urban development.

B、To turn the land into other uses.

C、To grow grass for cattle to eat.

D、To grow crops to meet human demand.

5What point does the writer try to illustrate through the passage？

A、Our quality of life is declining due to environment change.

B、Damage to natural environment should be prevented.

C、Human beings should rethink their activities on earth.

D、Economy and natural systems are closely connected.

find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world's rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities' efforts to perform. their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.

With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious hind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since WWII, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.

While higher education has become a great "growth industry", it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students, one crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in rum, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.

Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions; organization and functioning to conform. to the demands of research rather than those of teaching.

According to the passage,—is the most important function of institutions of higher education.

A．creating new knowledge

B．providing solutions to social problems

C．making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students

D．preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge

A.ecology in urban

B.ecology about urban

C.ecology for urban

D.ecology of urban

A.ecology in urban

B.ecology about urban

C.ecology of urban

D.ecology for urban

A.1.31 million jobs are created in urban areas.

B.1310 million jobs are created in urban areas.

C.131 million jobs are created in urban areas.

D.13.1 million jobs are created in urban areas.