It would be best to deal with these issues at once, before problems（）.

ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING – WIN STRATEGIES

Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyers still perform. their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than the old “bill by the hour” deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.

PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUES

If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once you get a project billing estimate, don't hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services with other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company.

RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONS

“Pay-according-to-success” is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or shared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not just representation.

MULTI-LAYERED TASKS

If you're shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties, consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an “average” rate based on the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter.

This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner's hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate.

Legal “Insurance”

The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing to eye the clock. This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action.

1. {A; B; C} is the best way to be charged for legal services.

A. Results-oriented billing

B. Hourly billing

C. Flat-fee billing

2. A flat-fee approach {A; B; C}.

A. is suitable for repetitive tasks

B. is useless

C. is the best choice.

3. {A; B; C} make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.

A. Contract fees

B. Blended hourly fees

C. Contingency fees

4. Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using {A; B; C}.

A. blended hourly fees

B. insurance fees

C. hourly fees

5. You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose {A; B; C}.

A. legal “Insurance”

B. the old “bill by the hour” deal

C. a flat-fee approach

Alternative Legal Billing - Win Strategies

Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent oflawyers still perform. their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better thanthe old "bill by the hour"deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.

Project billing for routine issues

lf your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once you get a project billing estimate, don't hesitate to shop around to compare prices andservices with other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company.

Results-oriented options

"Pay-according-to-success" is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome ofthe case and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into ashared risk or shared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not justrepresentation.

Multi-layered tasks

lf you're shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal

specialties, consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an "average"rate based on the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter.

This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner's hourly rate forresearch that should be conducted by a junior associate.

Legal "Insurance”

The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer withoutneeding to eye the clock This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encouragescompanies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save moneyin the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action.

1.() is the best way to be charged for legal services.

选项格式A. Results-oriented billing

B.Hourly billing

C. Flat-fee billing

2.A flat-fee approach()。

选项格式A. is suitable for repetitive tasks

B. is useless

C. is the best choice

3.()make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.

选项格式A. Contract fees

B.Blended hourly fees

C. Contingency fees

4.Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using().

选项格式A. blended hourly fees

B. insurance fees

C. hourly fees

5. You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose().

A legal "Insurance"

B. the old "bill by the hour" deal

C.a flat-fee approach

1 The board of Worldwide Minerals (WM) was meeting for the last monthly meeting before the publication of the yearend

results. There were two points of discussion on the agenda. First was the discussion of the year-end results;

second was the crucial latest minerals reserves report.

WM is a large listed multinational company that deals with natural minerals that are extracted from the ground,

processed and sold to a wide range of industrial and construction companies. In order to maintain a consistent supply

of minerals into its principal markets, an essential part of WM’s business strategy is the seeking out of new sources

and the measurement of known reserves. Investment analysts have often pointed out that WM’s value rests principally

upon the accuracy of its reserve reports as these are the best indicators of future cash flows and earnings. In order to

support this key part of its strategy, WM has a large and well-funded geological survey department which, according

to the company website, contains ‘some of the world’s best geologists and minerals scientists’. In its investor relations

literature, the company claims that:

‘our experts search the earth for mineral reserves and once located, they are carefully measured so that the company

can always report on known reserves. This knowledge underpins market confidence and keeps our customers

supplied with the inventory they need. You can trust our reserve reports – our reputation depends on it!’

At the board meeting, the head of the geological survey department, Ranjana Tyler, reported that there was a problem

with the latest report because one of the major reserve figures had recently been found to be wrong. The mineral in

question, mallerite, was WM’s largest mineral in volume terms and Ranjana explained that the mallerite reserves in

a deep mine in a certain part of the world had been significantly overestimated. She explained that, based on the

interim minerals report, the stock market analysts were expecting WM to announce known mallerite reserves of

4·8 billion tonnes. The actual figure was closer to 2·4 billion tonnes. It was agreed that this difference was sufficient

to affect WM’s market value, despite the otherwise good results for the past year. Vanda Monroe, the finance director,

said that the share price reflects market confidence in future earnings. She said that an announcement of an incorrect

estimation like that for mallerite would cause a reduction in share value. More importantly for WM itself, however, it

could undermine confidence in the geological survey department. All agreed that as this was strategically important

for the company, it was a top priority to deal with this problem.

Ranjana explained how the situation had arisen. The major mallerite mine was in a country new to WM’s operations.

The WM engineer at the mine said it was difficult to deal with some local people because, according to the engineer,

‘they didn’t like to give us bad news’. The engineer explained that when the mine was found to be smaller than

originally thought, he was not told until it was too late to reduce the price paid for the mine. This was embarrassing

and it was agreed that it would affect market confidence in WM if it was made public.

The board discussed the options open to it. The chairman, who was also a qualified accountant, was Tim Blake. He

began by expressing serious concern about the overestimation and then invited the board to express views freely. Gary

Howells, the operations director, said that because disclosing the error to the market would be so damaging, it might

be best to keep it a secret and hope that new reserves can be found in the near future that will make up for the

shortfall. He said that it was unlikely that this concealment would be found out as shareholders trusted WM and they

had many years of good investor relations to draw on. Vanda Monroe, the finance director, reminded the board that

the company was bound to certain standards of truthfulness and transparency by its stock market listing. She pointed

out that they were constrained by codes of governance and ethics by the stock market and that colleagues should be

aware that WM would be in technical breach of these if the incorrect estimation was concealed from investors. Finally,

Martin Chan, the human resources director, said that the error should be disclosed to the investors because he would

not want to be deceived if he were an outside investor in the company. He argued that whatever the governance codes

said and whatever the cost in terms of reputation and market value, WM should admit its error and cope with

whatever consequences arose. The WM board contains three non-executive directors and their views were also

invited.

At the preliminary results presentation some time later, one analyst, Christina Gonzales, who had become aware of

the mallerite problem, asked about internal audit and control systems, and whether they were adequate in such a

reserve-sensitive industry. WM’s chairman, Tim Blake, said that he intended to write a letter to all investors and

analysts in the light of the mallerite problem which he hoped would address some of the issues that Miss Gonzales

had raised.

Required:

(a) Define ‘transparency’ and evaluate its importance as an underlying principle in corporate governance and in

relevant and reliable financial reporting. Your answer should refer to the case as appropriate. (10 marks)

Which do you think would be the best title for this passage？ ()

A． Work to give women a fair pay deal

B． Time to change the situation

C． Equal work, equal pay

D． Should women be treated as second-class citizens

A.①②③④

B.④③②①

C.①③④②

D.②①④③

阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容判断文章后的句子是正确(T)还是错误(F)。(每题10分)

HOW TO PREPARE AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR YOUR WORKPLACE

Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warning. The more you are prepared for them, the better you will be able to act, reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs.

Emergency response plans (ERPs) are intended to provide clear and effective steps for managing an emergency. An ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildings, communication with local emergency services and the general public, individual roles and responsibilities during an emergency, and supplies and materials that may be needed.

Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace:

Determine when an evacuation would be necessary.

Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exits. Make sure they are clearly marked and well lit. Post signs.

Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation.

Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuated, clear at all times, and unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional hazards.

Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office.

Choose “evacuation wardens” who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees.

Establish specific evacuation procedures. This includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include.

Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees.

Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and procedures. Keep records of such drills.

Consider the transportation needs of employees.

Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them.

Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language.

Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency (for example, contact numbers for their home, next-of-kin, or special medical conditions.

操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”;句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。

1. The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs. {T; F}

2. Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP. {T; F}

3. According to the passage, the blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards. {T; F}

4. The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office. {T; F}

5. To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes, the emergency drills should be held once half a year. {T; F}

t that it should include foreign languages and the study of foreign cultures；a mastery of English, including the ability to write and speak well, because communications have become all-important in the modern world. and also because “a person who doesn't speak and write Clearly doesn't reason clearly either” ; some knowledge of the social sciences(sociology, psychology)that deal with human relations and human problems；some basic knowledge of modem information systems, since the educated professionals of tomorrow will have to understand their machines. Is that all？ “No, of course not. ”answer the educators, “We have not mentioned the two great building blocks of education：history and literature!”

Is this truly the best modern education？ Perhaps. But every educator would add or subtract a few subjects. And no matter what list of courses would be offered, it would not be approved by all. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs' too. “I don't believe, ”protested a Harvard student when his university revised its programs, “I don't believe that colleges have the fight to define what an educated person is. ”But then, who has？

阅读理解

CREATE A POSITIVE WORKPLACE CULTURE

In competitive markets, leaders are under increased pressure to maintain a positive work culture. A positive work culture cultivates greater employee satisfaction; greater employee satisfaction contributes to higher performance; higher performance impacts improved client outcomes; improved client outcomes contribute to service excellence.

Positive work cultures are built over time and need constant attention. Such cultures are dependent on leadership vision and values.

An effective leader sets the tone for the team, encourages a positive workplace culture and is able to bring about cultural change.

Workplace culture is made up of the shared attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, values and expectations that influence the way people work in the workplace. It is “the way we do things around here”.

Some cultural aspects are understood by all and are obvious such as turning up for wok on time, while others may be "unwritten rules" that are not so obvious for example how personal issues are resolved with work colleagues.

Many factors that influence whether a workplace has a positive outlook are within the control of people who work in a workplace. There are also factors out of their control, such as slumps in global prices or a change in demand and supply. The company can, however, control how they respond to these factors.

Those companies that do create positive workplace environments develop a reputation in their community as being ‘good to work for' and have a competitive edge. Not only are these companies more able to attract and retain people, they tend to be more stable as they proactively deal with issues and adapt to change.

Teams work best when they are clear about what is expected of them. They are more able to deal with difficult issues if they feel the values of the organization are supportive of them.

For a workplace culture to be positive, the direction and actions of the business must be consistent with the core values of the people in the workplace. The people must trust each other and be able to openly express and exchange ideas.

Working through these steps will help with developing a positive business culture.

操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。

1. A positive work culture will give workers more satisfaction.{T; F}

2. Positive cultures have a lot to do with leadership vision and values.{T; F}

3. The direction and actions for the business must differ from the core values of the employees in order for a workplace culture to be positive.{T; F}

4. In competitive markets, leaders are under more and more pressure to keep a positive work culture.{T; F}

5. Positive work culture can be built in a short period of time.{T; F}

o the question, "What do you do？" is always, "Oh, I'm just a housewife." JUST a housewife？ Anyone who spends most of her time in meal preparation and cleanup, washing and drying clothes, keeping the house clean, leading a scout troop, playing taxi driver to us kids when it's time for school, music lessons or the dentist, doing volunteer work for her favorite charity, and making sure that all our family needs are met is not JUST a housewife. She's the real Wonder Woman.

Why is it that so many mothers like mine think of themselves as second-class or something similar？ Where has this notion come from？ Have we males made them feel this way？ Has our society made "going to work" outside the home seem more important than what a housewife must face each day？

I would be very curious to see what would happen if a housewife went on strike. Dishes would pile up. Food in the house would run out. No meals would appear on the table. There would be no clean clothes when needed. High boots would be required just to make it through the house scattered with garbage. Walking and bus riding would increase. Those scout troops would have to break up. Charities would suffer.

I doubt if the man of the house would be able to take over. Oh, he might start out with the attitude that he can do just as good a job, but how long would that last？ Not long, once he had to come home each night after work to more household duties. There would be no more coming home to a prepared meal; he'd have to fix it himself. The kids would all be screaming for something to eat, clean clothes and more bus fare money. Once he quieted the kids, he'd have to clean the house, go shopping, make sure that kids got a bath, and fix lunches for the next day. Once the kids were down for the night, he might be able to crawl into an unmade bed and try to read the morning newspaper. No, I don't think many males are going to volunteer for the job. I know I don't want it. So, thanks, mom! I'll do what I can to create a national holiday for housewives. It could be appropriately called Wonder Woman Day.

By what means do the children of the author's family go to school？

A．They take school bus.

B．They take a taxi.

C．Their mother drives for them.

D．Scout troop sends them to school.

Gentlemen,

Your name has been brought to our (141) as one of the reliable importers. Therefore, I am writing with a keen interest in having business with you.

We have been engaged in exporting goods to all over the world, enjoying a good reputation for many years. Thanks to our excellence in conducting export business and close connections with the best sources of supply, we may well be sure that (142) you favorably consider our proposal, we are in a position to supply you with our goods at competitive prices. I am (143) sending you a copy of our complete catalog in which we trust you will find something that would suit for your trade. If you would care to deal with us, we shall be pleased to give you further details of business.

For any information respecting our standing and reputation, don't hesitate to contact us.

We look forward to your early and favorable reply.

Yours truly,

John Gray, General Director

(41)

A．objective

B．destination

C．eagerness

D．attention