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阅读理解阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容选择题目答案。THE HISTORY OF QUALITY CONTROLQuality co

阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容选择题目答案。

THE HISTORY OF QUALITY CONTROL

Quality control is a series of activities that ensure and improve the quality of products and service.

The term 'quality control' came into common use in the 1950s because of W. Edward Deming. His 'Fourteen Points' have become the bible for quality control specialists. When the post-war world returned to regular manufacturing, Deming said that inspecting product quality after they were made was unacceptable. Instead, he proposed a process known as 'statistical quality control'. It would use closely monitored performance measures to control quality while a product was being made. The goal of statistical quality control was to gather data that would allow for the constant improvement of manufacturing processes. This would in turn improve quality control.

Another important principle of Deming's beliefs was that upper management should be responsible for quality failures. He strongly believed that it was possible for the workers to work hard to produce the highest quality products if they were given the right tools and working environment. In Deming's own words, 'the basic cause of sickness in American industry and the resulting unemployment is a failure of top management to manage.' He believed that strong leadership led to a motivated work force.

If strong leadership is the term for managers in a quality environment, then empowerment is the key concept for workers in Deming's system. Improved education and training are key factors in reaching employees and making them believe that their increased participation in the work process is an essential part of improving quality. Involvement, participation, and teamwork are seen as absolute 'must haves' if a quality workplace is to be created.

The Japanese were the first to use Deming's Fourteen Points, and made great success. As an example, one Japanese factory doubled production in just one year and was expecting to gain an additional 25 percent improvement the following year, with no increase in the amount of working hours. All this happened as a result of simply improving quality. It was in the late 1970s that American manufacturing factories realized that quality control was a significant issue. By that time, Japanese firms such as Honda and Sony were taking over large portions of the American consumer market while it took most American firms until the 1990s to put quality control practices in place.

操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。

1. According to W. Edward Deming, what is the best time to control product quality？

A. Before a product is made. {A; B; C}

B. After a product is made.

C. During the production process.

2. When there are quality failures, where does W. Edward Deming think the blame lies？ {A; B; C}

A. In the workforce.

B. In the upper management.

C. In the tools.

3. Which of the following will not help to create a quality workplace？ {A; B; C}

A. Working alone.

B. Group participation.

C. Training programs.

4. During which period were some Japanese firms winning American consumer markets over American firms？ {A; B; C}

A. 1990s.

B. 2000s.

C. 1970s.

5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about quality control is NOT correct？ {A; B; C}

A. Quality control can lead to great success for a company.

B. Quality control can be done within one department.

C. Quality control requires constant improvement.

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