Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique DialectIrish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a r

ry.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

e used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1)_____, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2)_____ to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3)_____ the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4)_____ being classified as "English".

Even in England there are many (5)_____ in regional character and speech. The chief (6)_____ is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7)_____ going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8)_____ there are local variations.

Further north regional speech is usually " (9)_____ " than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10)_____ to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11)_____ They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12)_____ Northerners generally have hearty (13)_____: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14)_____ at meal times.

In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15)_____ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

In Scotland the sound (16)_____ by the letter "R" is generally a strong sound, and "R" is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17)_____ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18)_____ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19)_____ as being more "fiery" than the English. They are (20)_____ a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)

Notes: fiery 暴躁的，易怒的。

A．In consequence

B．In brief

C．In general

D．In fact

dings is a phenomenon known as the first-night effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.

Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the universitys Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球、of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声、of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.

46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect？

A、To what extent it can trouble people.

C、What circumstances may trigger it.

B、What role it has played in evolution.

D、In what way it can be beneficial.

47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research？

A、She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.

B、She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.

C、She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins

D、She conducted studies on birds and dolphins sleeping patterns.

48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment？

A、She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.

B、She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.

C、She studied the differences between the two sides of participants brains.

D、She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.

49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment？

A、She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.

B、She recorded participants adaptation to changed environment.

C、She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.

D、She compared the responses of different participants.

50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment？

A、They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.

B、They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.

C、They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.

D、They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.

think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural (37) . Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (38) to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (40) to the others.

These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (41) their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (42) areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the(43) of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather (44) about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.

A) incomprehensible

B) temper

C) remote

D) separate

E) understandable

F) forget

G) generally

H) temperament

I) preserve

J) strictly

K) traditions

L) reserve

M) growth

N) apply

O) belong

so.Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several separate parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural traditions.Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales (and even Cornwall perhaps) do not claim to belong to “England” because their inhabitants are not strictly “English”.They are Scottish, Irish, Welsh (or Cornish) and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue which in turn is incomprehensible(不可理解的) to the others.

These cultural minorities have been Britain's original inhabitants.In varying degrees they have managed to preserve their national identity, their particular customs and way of life.This is probably even more true of the remoter areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the growth of industrialism(工业化) as the border areas have been.The Celtic (凯尔特人) races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English.

An Irish temper is legendary.The Scots would rather forget about their reputation for excessive thrift (节俭) and prefer to be remembered for their ballads and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing.The Celtic temperament as a whole produces numerous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.

36.Some British people regard Britain as().

A.a single, unified country

C.a wholly Celtic country

B.a country of foreign cultures

D.an individualistic unit

37.“Their own native tongue” means().

A.the language of a foreign country

B.the language of their own country

C.the British way of speaking

D.a secret language

38.“A cultural minority” could be described as().

A.educated people who are few in number

B.people of the same race who are small in stature (身材)

C.members of ethic groups under the age of 12

D.small ethnic groups

39.According to the passage some cultural minorities have().

A.lost their individual character centuries ago

B.retained their individual character

C.lost count of their numbers

D.managed to preserve their English character

40.What may be one of the probable reasons for preservation of traditional life？ ()

A.Ethnic custom

B.A specialized life style

C.The growth of industrialism

D.Geographical isolation

根据下面内容，回答题：

Scientists in the UK have announced that the piranhafish"s reputation 21 a fearsome 22 may well not be deserved. The fish， which is found in the Amazon in Brazil， have been 23 as deadly carnivores（食肉动物 ） that work in shoals to overwhelm their prey and strip it of its flesh in seconds.

However， experts 24 St Andrews University say that piranhas are omnivores（杂食动物） that mainly eat fish， plants and insects. They form. big groups not to hunt but to defend 25 against other predators， according to the team.

"Previously it was thought piranhas shoaled as it 26 them to form. a cooperative hunting group，" said Professor Anne Magurran. " 27， we have found that it is primarily a defensive behavior. "

Piranhas can be attacked by animals 28 dolphins， caimans and large fish， so forming a shoal is a good way of 29 being killed. Piranhas of 30 age stay in the middle of the group for 31 and the 32 of the shoal differs according to the level of 33 When the water level is 34， the fish form. small groups as there is space to escape， but when the water level drops， they form. large groups as protection 35 predators.

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A.as

B.as if

C.as though

D.since

the 18th century who has been a public man in his own country and the only poet since Milton who has been a public man at a time when his country was involved in a struggle for political liberty. This may not seem an important matter, but it is a question whether the kind of life lived by poets for the last two hundred years or so has not been one great reason for the drift of poetry away from the life of the community as a whole, and the loss of touch with tradition. Once the life of contemplation has been divorced from the life of action, or from real knowledge of men of action, something is lost which it is difficult to define, but which leaves poetry enfeebled and incomplete. Yeats responded with all his heart as a young man to the reality and the romance of Ireland's struggle but he lived to be completely disillusioned about the value of the Irish rebellion. He saw his dreams of liberty blotted out in horror by" the innumerable clanging wings that have put out the moon". It brought him to the final conclusion of the futility of all discipline that is not of the whole being, and of "how base at moments of excitement are minds without culture". But he remained a man to whom the life of action always meant something very real.

The title below that best expresses the main idea of this paragraph is ______.

A．The Basis of True Poetry

B．The Necessity of Culture

C．Action Versus Contemplation

D．Yeats as a Poet and Patriot

Dolphins are interesting because they_________ human behavior. at times.

A． discuss

B． express

C．display

D． distribute

f their heads. Dolphins are social animals and love company. Many of them, in fact, even enjoy being around humans. It is not uncommon to hear of dolphins giving rides through the water to humans.

In addition to being playful, dolphins are helpful to men. For example, as 400 B. C. the Greek poet Arion was saved from drowning by a dolphin. From then until now, dolphins have been helping swimmers who are in trouble. Swimmers, however, are not the only humans they help. In some parts of the world, they can be counted on to help men catch fish.

Moreover, dolphins are very intelligent. A dolphin's brain resembles a human brain, but it is larger. Consequently, some people claim that dolphins are really smarter than men. Of course, there is no way of proving this point. Brain size is not an absolute measure of intelligence. Furthermore, measuring dolphins' intelligence in other ways is not possible since men cannot fully communicate with them. Apparently, however, dolphins communicate with each other. At any rate, they make whistling, clicking and buzzing sounds which seem to be at least a form. of language. So far, however, men have not been able to figure out the communication code the dolphins use.