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题目
Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Close to Finding a Cure？
First described in 1906 by Dr.Alois Alzheimer, Alzheimer s disease is the most common form. of dementia, accounting for around 60%–80% of cases.It is characterized by problems with memory, thinking and behavior.Onset is most common in individuals aged 65 and over, although people in their 40s and 50s can develop what is classed as early - onset Alzheimer’s.
Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, meaning memory loss is mild in the beginning, but it worsens over time to the extent that individuals are unable to have conversations or respond to their surroundings.There are treatments that have been approved by the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Alzheimer’s.For example, cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can help treat memory and thinking problems.But these drugs just help manage the symptoms; there is currently no cure for the disease.
Current Alzheimer’s prevalence in the US makes it the 6th leading cause of death, killing more than half a million seniors every year.To put this in perspective, Alzheimer’s disease currently kills more people each year than prostate cancer and breast cancer combined.There is no doubt that scientists across the world are working hard to find ways to prevent, treat and cure this debilitating condition.Hardly a day goes by without coming across a report about how scientists restored memory and learning deficits in Alzheimer’s mouse models, how vitamin D deficiency could increase the risk of developing dementia, and how DNA methylation in the brain is linked to Alzheimer’s.But what have these studies taught researchers about Alzheimer’s so far？
Preventing and Targeting Plaques and Tangles
As with all diseases, knowing exactly what causes Alzheimer’s is key to identifying ways to prevent and treat the condition.Past research has indicated that Alzheimer’s occurs when two abnormal brain structures — plaques and tangles —damage and kill nerve cells, causing the memory, thinking and behavioral problems associated wit
1.Dementia is not a single disease in itself, but a general term to describe symptoms of impairment in memory, communication, and thinking.()
2.The FDA - approved drugs, like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, can cure Alzheimer’s disease.()
3.chronic sleep deprivation may cause these abnormal brain structures.()
4.Tangles are fragments of a protein called beta - amyloid, which build up in areas between nerve cells.()
5.As a result of Alzheimer’s research, there are an array of drugs in development that scientists believe have great potential to effectively treat the disease.()
更多“Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Close to Finding a Cure？First described in 1906 by Dr.Alois ”相关的问题
第1题
病人黑质多巴胺能神经元减少可导致
A．阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease，AD)
B．帕金森病(Parkinson disease，PD)
C．亨廷顿病(Huntington disease，HD)
D．克罗伊茨费尔特一雅各布病(Creu-tzfeldt Jakob disease，CJD)
E．癔症(hysteria)
第2题
Text 2
William Shakespeare described old age as" second childishness"-no teeth, no eyes, no taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been more perceptive than he realised. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers's Disease in Italy, shows that frontotemporal dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression ,if not to infancy,then at least to a patient's teens.
Frontotemporal dementia, a disease usually found with old people, is caused, as its name suggests,by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such"higher"functions as abstract thinking and judgment.
Two of such patients intrigued Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year- old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was confrrmed by brain scanning.
About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who re-ferred to pop music as"mere noise" , started listening to the Italian pop band "883". As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyer's love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her ll-year-old granddaughter was listen ing to.
This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer's patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another case, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.
Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences, Previous studies of novelty-seeking behaviour suggest that it is managed by the brain'sright frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the
latter,might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected
some specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a
gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article, there is no accounting for
taste.
46. The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly to
[A] praise the keen perception of the great English writer.
[B] support Dr. Frisoni 's theory about a disease.
[C] start the discussion on a brain disease.
[D] show the long history of the disease.
第5题
A．the past me→ the disease→ the present me→ the self-experimentation
B．the present me→the past me→the disease→the self-experimentation
C．the disease→the self- experimentation→the past me→the present me
D．the past me→the disease→the self-experimentation→the present me
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