We should focus on high-risk groups rather than check the whole population.

paring things through unique lenses or perspectives in each paragraph.

B、The writer can focus on completely explaining one subject in each paragraph.

C、The writer will personalize or reflect on the comparison made in the third paragraph.

D、The use of an introduction and conclusion are unique to this style. of writing.

正确答案： A

5 When looking at our writing, we should ask ourselves if we are ________ two things from a certain perspective or ________ one subject.

A、Comparing

B、Explaining

C、Engaging

D、Elaborating

E、Invigilating

F、Conflating

G、Initiating

3 The Chemical Services Group plc (CSG), which operates a divisionalised structure, provides services to industrial and

domestic customers in Swingland, a country whose economic climate is subject to significant variations. There have

been a number of recent changes at board level within CSG and therefore the managing director called a meeting of

the board of directors at which each of four recently appointed directors put forward their view as to what their primary

focus should be. These were as follows:

The research and development director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon ensuring that we continue to develop

the products and services that satisfy the requirements of our existing and potential customers’.

The finance director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon keeping our investors satisfied’.

The human resources director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon ensuring that we take all the steps necessary to

establish and maintain our reputation as a responsible employer’.

The corporate affairs director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon the need to ensure that we are recognised as a

socially responsible organisation’.

Required:

(a) Discuss the criteria that should be considered in deciding upon suitable performance measures in respect of

the primary focus of each of the FOUR directors of CSG providing THREE appropriate quantitative measures

for each primary focus.

Note: your answer may include financial or non-financial quantitative measures. (12 marks)

rd of directors of the

company. The seven engineers previously worked together for ‘Telstar’, a satellite navigation company.

In conjunction with one of the three largest construction companies within their country they constructed the ‘365

Sports Complex’ which has a roof that opens and uses revolutionary satellite technology to maintain grass surfaces

within the complex. The complex facilities, which are available for use on each day of the year, include two tennis

courts, a cricket pitch, an equestrian centre and six bowling greens. The tennis courts and cricket pitch are suitable

for use as venues for national competitions. The equestrian centre offers horse-riding lessons to the general public and

is also a suitable venue for show-jumping competitions. The equestrian centre and bowling greens have increased in

popularity as a consequence of regular television coverage of equestrian and bowling events.

In spite of the high standard of the grass surfaces within the sports complex, the directors are concerned by reduced

profit levels as a consequence of both falling revenues and increasing costs. The area in which the ‘365 Sports

Complex’ is located has high unemployment but is served by all public transport services.

The directors of Astrodome Sports Ltd have different views about the course of action that should be taken to provide

a strategy for the future improvement in the performance of the complex. Each director’s view is based on his/her

individual perception as to the interpretation of the information contained in the performance measurement system of

the complex. These are as follows:

Director

(a) ‘There is no point whatsoever in encouraging staff to focus on interaction with customers in efforts to create a

‘user friendly’ environment. What we need is to maintain the quality of our grass surfaces at all costs since that

is the distinguishing feature of our business.’

(b) ‘Buy more equipment which can be hired out to users of our facilities. This will improve our utilisation ratios

which will lead to increased profits.’

(c) ‘We should focus our attention on maximising the opening hours of our facilities. Everything else will take care

of itself.’

(d) ‘Recent analysis of customer feedback forms indicates that most of our customers are satisfied with the facilities.

In fact, the only complaints are from three customers – the LCA University which uses the cricket pitch for

matches, the National Youth Training Academy which held training sessions on the tennis courts, and a local

bowling team.’

(e) ‘We should reduce the buildings maintenance budget by 25% and spend the money on increased advertising of

our facilities which will surely attract more customers.’

(f) ‘We should hold back on our efforts to overcome the shortage of bowling equipment for hire. Recent rumours are

that the National Bowling Association is likely to offer large financial grants next year to sports complexes who

can show they have a demand for the sport but have deficiencies in availability of equipment.’

(g) ‘Why change our performance management system？ Our current areas of focus provide us with all the

information we need to ensure that we remain a profitable and effective business.’

As management accountant of Astrodome Sports Ltd you have recently read an article which discussed the following

performance measurement problems:

(i) Tunnel vision

(ii) Sub-optimisation

(iii) Misinterpretation

(iv) Myopia

(v) Measure fixation

(vi) Misrepresentation

(vii) Gaming

(viii) Ossification.

Required:

(a) Explain FOUR of the above-mentioned performance measurement problems (i-viii) and discuss which of the

views of the directors (a-g) illustrate its application in each case. (12 marks)

What can we learn from this article？ (More than one answer)

A.The DNA that has been in HP's bones from the start is all about excellence in hardware engineering.

B.Hewlett and Packard set out to create high-quality electronic equipment that was more accurate and precise and less expensive than competing products.

C.That DNA served it well over several decades even through the 1990s, HP succeeded through its ability to innovate with hardware.

D.Its strong focus on quality won it strong customer loyalty.

of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible？ Actually, it's more like, What is responsible？ The internet, of course, and everything that comes with it—Facebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.

There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before—there are more and more readers, and more and more books.

The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.

As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, and e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.

On the other hand, there is the danger of civilization. One twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long "digests" of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence？ You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.

In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.

In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.

Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading？

A．Paragraph One.

B．Paragraph Two.

C．Paragraph Three.

D．Paragraph Four.

entences according to the criteria of academic writing.

1._______________

A.Youmust bear in mind lots of things when thinking about EFL textbooks carefully.

B.Severalpoints must be considered when evaluating EFL textbooks.

C.Themost important things should not be forgotten when evaluating EFL textbooks.

D.If youthink about EFL textbooks carefully, you will understand the importance of alot of things.

2._______________

A.Table 3tells you what this study’s results are.

B.Youcan see this study’s results in Table 3.

C.Theresults of this study can be seen in Table 3.

D.FromTable 3, we can see what the results show to us.

3.________________

A.Weneed to conduct further research. We can focus on the application of other CDAframeworks.

B.Furtherresearch needs to be done. The focus should be on the application of other CDAframeworks.

C.Youcan conduct further research and apply other CDA frameworks in your research.

D.Furtherresearch needs to be conducted by focusing on the application of other CDAframeworks.

4.________________

A.Theresults from this study confirmed a negative relationship between emotionalintelligence and intercultural communication apprehension.

B.As wecan see from the results, there is indeed a negative relationship betweenemotional intelligence and intercultural communication apprehension, which isconfirmed by the results from this study.

C.Youcan see a negative relation between emotional intelligence and interculturalcommunication apprehension. The results from this study confirmed this negativerelationship.

D.Thereis a negative relationship between emotional intelligence and interculturalcommunication apprehension. We can confirm the relationship according to theresults of this study.

5.__________________

A.Thefindings have great significance in second language pedagogy because thestudents’ attitudes toward English writing determine the quality of theirwritten texts according to the results of this study.

B.Itis true that the students’ attitudes toward English writing determine thequality of their written texts according to the results of this study. Thisfinding fills the gap in the field of second language acquisition research.

C.Theresults show that students’ attitudes toward English writing positivelyinfluences the quality of their written texts. This finding may provide insightinto second language pedagogy.

D.Theresults of this study show that the quality of students’ written texts isdetermined by their attitudes toward English writing, which is a significantfinding in the field of second language acquisition research.

as the interpersonal and the interpersonal process by means of which original, high quality, and genuinely significant products are developed. In dealing with young children, the focus should be on the process, which is seen as the basis of creative potential. When trying to understand this process, it is helpful to consider Guilford's differentiation between convergent and divergent thought. Problems associated with divergent thought often have one correct solution. But problems associated with divergent thought require the problem-solver to generate many solutions, a few of which will be novel, of high quality, and workable -- hence creative.

For a proper understanding of children's creativity, one must distinguish creativity from intelligence and talent. Ward expressed concern about whether creativity in young children could be differentiated from other cognitive abilities. More recent studies have shown that components of creative potential can indeed be distinguished from intelligence. The term "gifted" is often used to imply high intelligence. But Wallach has argued that intelligence and creativity are independent of each other, and a highly creative child may or may not be highly intelligent.

Creativity goes beyond possession and use of artistic talent. In this context, talent refers to the possession of a high degree of technical skill in a specialized area. Thus an artist may have wonderful technical skills, but may not succeed in evoking the emotional response that makes the viewer feel that a painting, for example, is unique. It is important to keep in mind that children's creativity is evidenced not only in music, art, or writing, but also in science, social studies and other areas.

Most measures of children's creativity have focused on ideational fluency. Ideational fluency tasks require children to generate as many responses as they can to a particular stimulus, as is done in brainstorming. Ideational fluency is generally considered to be a critical feature of the creative process. Children's response may be either popular or original, with the latter considered evidence of creative potential. Thus when we ask four-year-olds to tell us "all the things they can think of red," we find that children not only list wagons, apples, and cardinals, but also children pox and cold hands.

For young children, the focus of creativity should remain on process: the generation of ideas. Adult acceptance of multiple ideas in a non-evaluative atmosphere will help children generate more ideas or move to the next stage, which is self-evaluation. As children develop the ability for self-evaluation, issues of quality and the generation of products become more important. The emphasis at this stage should be on self-evaluation rather than evaluation by others, for these children are exploiting their abilities to generate and evaluate hypothesis and to revise their ideas based on that evaluation. Evaluation by others and criteria for genuinely significant products should be used only with older adolescents or adults.

The passage suggests that creativity in children is mostly closely related ______.

A．talent

B．intelligence

C．a higher degree of technical skills

D．the process of developing original ideas

audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listeners' interest. A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."

To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passersby behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.

Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues (暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.

This passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A．the importance of eye contact

B．the potency of nonverbal techniques

C．successful speech delivery

D．an effective way to gain visual feedbacks