You have spent your money in so free and unrestrained a way. I think you’ll have toyour expenses more or less（）

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when

a six-week perio.As of today, you've spent ￥260,000 of your budget to complete work that you originally expected to cost ￥280,000. According to your schedule, you should have spent ￥300,000 by this point. Based on these circumstances, your project could be BEST described as （74） .

A.Ahead of schedule

B.Behind schedule

C.On schedule

D.Having not enough information provided

er a six-week period. As of today, you've spent ￥260,000 of your budget to complete work that you originally expected to cost ￥280,000. According to your schedule, you should have spent ￥300,000 by this point. Based on these circumstances, your project could be BEST described as （74） .

（74）

A．Ahead of schedule

B．Behind schedule

C．On schedule

D．Having not enough information provided

Which of the following questions is NOT included in the first video clip in 8.3？

A.Have you ever spent a sleepless night writing a report for your boss？

B.Do you sometimes suffer from procrastination？

C.none of the above

D.Do you often feel overwhelmed by all the things you have to get done？

A、mustn’t

B、might not

C、can’t

D、may not

tting out wasteful spending.Of course,preparing a budget takes planning,and following a budget takes willpower(自制力).Your budget should meet your family’s needs and income.

The first step in creating a budget is to set your goals.What does your family needand want？You must know all that to work out the details of the budget.Never spend more than you can.Then decide which goals are the most important.

The next step is estimating(估计)family income.Before you can plan wisely,you need to know how much money you have to spend!Write down aqll themoney you expect to receive(wages,saving,interest,etc.) during the planned budget period.

After you have calculated (计算)how much money will be available,it is time to estimate expenses(开销、支出).List all of your family expenses.

If you are not satisfied with what you got for your money,look carefully at your spending.Studying your records will show where overspending has occerred.It will also point out poor buying habits.

It is also a good idea to set aside a small amount of money for emergencies.Every family has emergencies:a blown tire,a broken device,or the need for medical care.

51.According to the passage,what is the advantage of a budget？

A.It can help you set your goals clearly.

B.It can help you save a lot of money.

C.It can help you get rid of poor buying habits.

D.It can help you spend money wisely.

52.In carrying out your budget,you need ___.

A.to have the ability to control yourself

B.to ask your family members for advice

C.to cut it down as much as possible

D.to take care not to buy expensive things

53.Accordingiy,one advantage of keeping a record of your spending is that ___.

A.you will remember how much you have already spent

B.you will know if you have spent more money than you planned

C.you will be able to tell your family what should not be bought

D.you will learn how to make a better budget next time

54.The writer suggests that it is a good idea to set aside some money because ___.

A.you probably will not be able to follow your budget

B.people usually spend more than they plan to do

C.one can hardly plan everything in advance

D.others may want to borrow some money from you

55.This passage is mainly about ___.

A.the meaning of a budget B.the relation between budget and income

C.the way a budget is made D.the importance of making a budget

Getting the Best Value for Time

Are you satisfied with what you achieve in the hours spent studying, or do you wonder where all the time has gone, without much to show for it？ How hard are you really working？ Here are some hints to help you make the most of your study time.

Ⅰ. EFFECTIVE LEARNING

1. Review lecture notes as soon after a lecture as possible. Half an hour spent while the lecture is still fresh in your mind will do more to help you to develop an understanding of what you have heard and remember it than twice the time later on. It can be helpful to go over new work with other students to check that you have grasped all the points.

2. If you have been given an essay or assignment to do, note accurately what is required and start it when your memory of it is clear.

3. Revise and review regularly. Set regular weekly times to review the work in each course. This revision should be cumulative -- adding a bit to the total at a time, covering briefly all the work done so far in the term. This way you will consolidate the groundwork and avoid panic before exams.

4. When you revise, space out the time devoted to any one topic. You will learn more in six one hour periods spread over one week than in one six hour period.

5. Limit your blocks of study to 2 hours on any one topic or type of work. After 1/2 to 2 hours of intensive study you begin to tire and concentration weakens. Take a break at some "achievement point"(end of a chapter, solving a problem, etc. )and then changing to another part of the course or another type of work(e. g. ,from reading to writing)will provide the change necessary to keep up your efficiency.

6. Find out the best times for working for yourself. Some times may be better than others for different types of work and also for your own biological clock: if you tend to feel sleepy in the afternoon, this may not be the best time to try to read history or work out math problems. You may think that working in to the early hours suits you, but does it fit in with an early class next morning？ You are likely to feel tired next day and so gain nothing!

Ⅱ. PRACTICAL STEPS

1. Plan a program of balanced activities. University life has many aspects which are important for getting fie benefit from your time here. Some activities have fixed time requirements(e. g. , classes, meetings, sport), others are more flexible(e. g. , recreation, relaxation, study time, personal matters, eating, sleeping).

2. Plan how you will use your study time. Knowing what you are going to do and when saves a lot of time spent on making decisions, false starts, retracing your steps to get the books you need, etc. Commit yourself to studying a particular assignment at a particular time.

3. Study at a regular time and in a regular place. You will learn to associate that time and place with working. This is after all what the world' s workers have to do.

4. Trade time and don' t steal it. When something unexpected happens and takes up time you had planned for study, decide immediately how you can make up the study missed.

5. Give yourself rewards for work completed on time(e. g., 2 hours solid work = 1 cup of tea or coffee; essay completed = 1 hour' s TV ). After a strenuous evening finishing an essay or a set of problems, allow yourself "unwinding time" before bed.

Ⅲ. PLANNING TIME

Working out a time-table will not turn you into a perfectly efficient person, but having a plan and sticking to it for a few weeks can help you to form. better study habits and actually to save time, so that in the end you have more free time than before. Here is a way to plan your time which is flexible and practical.

1. Make out a master time-table for the term, marking your fixed commitments only: class

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

sive firms increasingly rely on advisory councils to suggest improvements, recommend action, and offer feedback on programs and policies. In fact, many companies feel that this form. of communication is vital to the continuous improvement of their business operations.

A council, among other things, improves communication and spurs improvement of operations. Remember that the secret to success is dialogue—the exchange of ideas and opinions. Focus on problems your customers have. Spell out your goals and objectives.

Each meeting should have a specific objective to accomplish. Determine the meeting's frequency. If you want to implement a strategic plan, an annual meeting may be enough. If you want to focus on operational issues, more meetings may be needed.

A good council will have no more than 12 people, with half of the members from your company and half your customers. It should also have diversity in its membership. Members should serve from one to three years-rotation of membership will ensure the council doesn't become stale.

Find an approximate meeting site, whether it's in-house or off site, where there will be no interruptions. You should pay for all the expenses related to the meeting—remember, the council members are providing your company with a service. Treat them as your guests and your experts.

If you have a fixed beginning and ending time to your meeting, stick to it. When structuring the meeting, remember the 80720 problem-solving rule. Structure the meeting so that 20 percent of the time is spent identifying or discussing a problem and 80 percent of the time is spent designing a solution.

Often it is helpful to have a person act as timekeeper and announce when the agenda time for a particular item has expired. However, during the meeting, be flexible. The facilitator can allow. the group to decide whether to move on to the next item or extend the discussion. As you go along, look to narrow the differences among members and form. a consensus.

As the meeting closes, summarize what was accomplished, checking for agreement and commitment among the members. Make a detailed list of the follow-up items, who has responsibility for each item, and a timeline for completion.

The results from really listening to and learning from your customers in a well-run advisory council can pay huge dividends.

Why does the writer put the suggestion that, advisory councils should be set up______

A．Because they can influence business operations

B．because business improvements depend on communication with them

C．Because they are heavily relied on by prosperous companies

D．Because goals and objectives are set out by them

oncepts？

W: Yes, certainly. I was a marketing consultant, responsible for marketing ten UK hotels. They were all luxury hotels in the leisure sector, all of a very high standard.

M: Which markets were you responsible for？

W: For Europe and Japan.

M: I see from your resume that you speak Japanese. Have you ever been to Japan？

W: Yes, I have. I spent a month in Japan in 2006. I met all the key people in the tourist industry, the big tour operators and tourist organizations. As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage.

M: Yes, of course. Have you bad any contact with Japan in your present job？

W: Yes. I've had a lot. The troth is I have become very popular with the Japanese, both for holidays end for business conferences. In fact, the market for all types of luxury holidays for the Japanese has increased a lot recently.

M: Realty, I'm interested to hear more about that, but first, ten me, have you ever traveled on a luxury train？ The Orient Express, for example.

W: No I haven't, but I have traveled on a glacier express to Switzerland and I traveled across China by train about 8 years ago. I love train travel. That's why Fm very interested in this job.

(20)

A．Marketing consultancy.

B．Professional accountancy.

C．Luxury hotel management.

D．Business conference organization.

Should You Jump on the Technological Bandwagon (时尚)？

Technological Advances and Their Influence

Within the last 20 years, we have been swamped with new technology which has helped us run our businesses faster, and hopefully better. Recently, some of us have begun to question whether the onslaught of ever newer technology is really helping us as much as the initial improvements did. Just because a technology is new doesn't necessarily mean that it is better. Perhaps what we should be asking is "What technology can we really use？"

We all have some hi-tech products that we've bought but don't use. Many of us have a VCR with so many complex functions that we have difficulty programming it to record a program. Similarly, we have seen workers spend an hour playing with a computer program to print out a single mailing label which could have been more quickly done on a typewriter.

Every business may not be able to afford all of these new toys. And they may not need to. Remembering that in many cases the pushers of new technology are simply salespeople trying to get you to pay for the toys which intrigue them. There are several questions you should ask yourself before making any decision: How much are these toys really worth？ Does this new technology make sense for your business？ Is this technology really worth the effort needed to use it？ With any new technology, there is a payback time when the increased efficiency gained may help to pay for the adoption of that new technology. When you first computerized your office, you got a big boost in efficiency for a minimal investment. As the technology gets ever more sophisticated, you start to lose that increase in efficiency. The old saying goes that you get 90% of your increase in efficiency for 10% of your investment. The remaining 90% of your money is spent trying to get that last 10% increase in efficiency. You have to analyze your business and decide if you ever get enough increase in efficiency to pay back that large additional cost.

New Technologies and Their Cost

You need to analyze the way you do business to see what you can do to increase your efficiency. You can't get caught in the trap of "WE' VE ALWAYS DONE IT THIS WAY !" You want to keep the best, and throw away the things that slow you down. Sometimes that does mean adopting new technology. Sometimes it means changing the way you do business. Sometimes it means keeping what you have.

Let's consider and analyze some of the new technologies.

？Internet Presence

The Internet is receiving a lot of hype (炒作) these days, and it sounds as though every business needs to have an Internet presence. Developing and maintaining a website takes time and money.. Before you make that investment, you should decide if you really need an Internet presence. Ask yourself these questions: Are your potential clients located throughout the United States？ Do your potential clients own computers？ Are your potential clients computer sophisticates who surf the Web regularly？ Are the people who ARE on the Internet part of your potential client base？ (The primary users of the Internet at this time tend to be educated, middle to upper middle class people.)

If you can answer yes to all of these questions, then an Internet presence may make sense for your business. If your potential clients are all local, if they have little or no access to the Internet, then this technology may be one you can play with, as long as you recognize that the expenses will not necessarily increase your business.

？Paperless Office

A paperless office is one in which all records are kept only in the computer. To many people, this appears to be a good idea. No paper files are kept, so no time is spent filing. However, time is still needed to scan information into the computer, correct it, etc. More importan

A．Y

B．N

C．NG