Try to determine the rhyming scheme of the following stanza. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, the lowing herd wind slowly o" er the lea, the plowman homeward plods his weary way, and leaves

cientists are making experiments on rats to try to determine the efforts of over crowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behaviour of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behaviour and even their health change obviously. They can't sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well？ Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival？

The writer is mainly talking about ______.

A．a person's living space needs

B．building and floors

C．equipment and conditions

D．population and violence

adequately met？ Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effect of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior. of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have adequate living space, they eat well, sleep well, and reproduce well.

However, if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior. patterns and even their health perceptibly change. They cannot sleep or eat well, and signs of fear and tension become obvious. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well？ Is adequate space not only desirable, but also essential for human survival？

This passage is mainly about ______.

A.living space and behavior

B.population and living conditions

C.interesting experiments on rats

D.a natural law for human society

What is the purpose of the experiments described in the passage？A.To determine how much living space a rat needs.

B.To see what happens when rats live in a limited space.

C.To know the likely effects of inadequate living space on human beings.

D.To find out the relationship between population and living conditions.

How would rats behave when their living conditions become too crowded？A.They eat a lot and become friendly to others.

B.They sleep little and act quite peacefully.

C.They eat little but sleep soundly.

D.They become nervous and tend to be war-like.

The passage suggests that overcrowded conditions ______.A.are directly related with population

B.may cause an increase in violence

C.may lead to high birth rate

D.may bring about pollution problems

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

rom the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.

First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.

Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For in stance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.

After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.

Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.

Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.

What is the best title for this passage？

A．Six Stages for Repairing Sam's Bicycle.

B．Possible Ways to Problem-solving.

C．Necessities of Problem Analysis.

D．Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem.

in the fall of 1977. Today, she is Vice-President of Daimler Chrysler, and head of the Small Car Platform. Engineering Department which is directly responsible for the design and development of the Neon, Doge Viper, and all future small cars.

"Many different departments are involved, in bringing a product to market," said Hess, referring to the 2000 Neon. "A company looks into renewing a particular vehicle when its marketplace demand is good, and the profits increase our shareholder's value," explained Hess. "We look to our market research in determining which options we'll keep the same or delete, and which ones we want to add to improve our appeal."

Now that the Neon 2000 is on the market, her team will use survey and research results to determine which option packages work best for the consumer, and what improvements, if any, need to be made. And the best goes on.

Hess supervises 1 200 engineers while managing a successful life as wife and mother. Her secret, she said, is to "always try to give 150 percent in everything I do. The only way I can really balance my work and family is 'by cheating at both ends'. " "For example," Hess said, "I always take my boys to school on the first day of the year--so I come in a little late. A few times a year I leave work for a couple of hours to see my son in a play or to attend his swim meet."

Like most other successful women in the auto industry, Hess's day begins early and ends late. In her case, coaching her son's basketball game ends some of Hess's days. "Occasionally," she adds," I come in to work on the weekends to catch up on paperwork and mail and have also been known to be called to work while I am on vacation."

What is Cindy's chief responsibility now？

A．Renewing promising car models.

B．Supervising production.

C．Doing market research.

D．Developing small cars.

ecognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to 'resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The problems faced by leaders.

B．How leadership differs in small and large groups.

C．How social groups determine who will lead them.

D．The role of leaders in social groups.

？Read the article below about corporate culture on the opposite page.

？For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.

The term corporate culture refers to an organization's value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food's corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone—even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job.

The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonald's Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organization's corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well, by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.

Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations' objectives. In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald's.

As you can imagine, changing a company's corporate culture can be very difficult. But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the organization's objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes.For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation, now face more competition than ever. Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.

Management expert Peter Duckers feels that, rather than trying to change culture, managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows.

？Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department,or office) needs to achieve.

？Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departments that are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest.

？Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.

？Change the reward system—or develop a new one—to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach, they will adopt it much more quickly. Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not, it is important to choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization's goals.

According to the passage, corporate culture

A．means the cultural atmosphere in a company.

B．is established by top leaders and can't be changed.

C．involves the core values of a company.

D．has little influence on the performance of a company.

It’s nice to have people of like mindaround. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feelcomfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that canexpand your company and your career.

It’s nice to have people agree, but youneed conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you hassimilar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias. (偏颇)

Take a look at your own network. Do youcontacts share your point of view on most subjects？ It yes, it’s time to shakethings up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in whichpeople will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: Fromconfrontation comes brilliance.

It’s not easy for most people to activelyseek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There’s noneed to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do someself-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking. Youmay need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify yourblind spots.

Passionate, energetic debate does notrequire anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moralstrength. Once you have worthing opponents, set some ground rules so everyoneunderstands 　　responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debatinggame is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster,and better.

Fierce debating can hurt feelings,particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure your check inwith your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battlesbeyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforcethe idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward acommon goal.

Reword all those involved in the debatesufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more theyfeel appreciated, the more they’ll be willing to get into the ring next time.

61.What happens when you have like-mindedpeople around you all the while？

A) It will help your companyexpand more rapidly.

B) It will be create a harmoniousworking atmosphere.

C) It may prevent your businessand career from advancing.

D) It may make you fell uncertainabout your own decision.

62.What does the author suggest leaders do？

A) Avoid arguments with businesspartners.

B) Encourage people to disagreeand argue.

C) Build a wide and strongbusiness network.

D) Seek advice from their worthycompetitors.

63.What is the purpose of holding a debate？

A) To find out the truth about anissue.

B) To build up people’s moralstrength.

C) To remove misunderstandings.

D) To look for worthy opponents.

64.What advice does the author give topeople engaged in a fierce debate？

A) They listen carefully to theiropponents’ views.

B) They slow due respect for eachother’s beliefs.

C) They present their viewsclearly and explicitly.

D) They take care not to hurt eachother’s feelings.

65.How should we treat our rivals after asuccessful debate？

A) Try to make peace with them.

B) Try to make up the differences.

C) Invite them to the ring nexttime.

D) Acknowledge their contribution.

t they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses in this case our eyes tell us.

Many psychologists (心理学家) today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

(1)Which of the following is TRUE？

A、We have chances to receive three different answers from three people.

B、It is likely that we will receive three different answers from three people.

C、It is proved that we will receive three different answers from three people.

D、It is impossible that we will receive three different answers from three people.

(2)Seeing and perceiving are ________.

A、the same action

B、two separate actions

C、two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

D、several actions that take place at different times

(3)Perceiving is an action that takes place ________.

A、in our eyes

B、only when we are thinking hard

C、only under the direction of a psychologist

D、in every person's mind

(4)Psychologists study perception by _______.

A、setting up many experiments

B、asking each other what they see

C、looking out of windows

D、studying people's eyes

(5)The best title for this selection is _______.

A、How We See

B、Learning about Our Minds through Science

C、Color and People

D、How to Become a Psychologist

day for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year’s epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed.

"It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review," said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. "We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways." He said.

In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions--generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations-- have made it hard to interpret results.

Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators (呼吸器) to help patients breathe, is the mainstay (主要支持) of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties, Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. "There is a lack of shared information," Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published.

The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The World Health organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations.

Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for______.

A．gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected

B．conducting clinical studies of SAR8 patients

C．determining treatment for SARS

D．published all the information about SARS

阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容，完成相应的选择题。

THREE STEPS TO A GOOD MARKETING BUDGET

Without good budget management, you are likely to overspend on marketing accidentally. Here are three steps that help to make a good marketing budget.

STEP 1A、ORGANIZE FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The first step is to be clear of your current financial situation. You need to know how much money your company makes monthly and the changes that might arise in the future. Although income flows change throughout the year, you must organize the information based on reliable revenue — the minimum amount of money your company makes each month.

A realistic budget plan will always focus on the income that exceeds the expenses, not the total revenue that comes in. When you have determined the amount of disposable income available for the company, you should determine where the money will go.

STEP 2A、DETERMINE WHERE YOU WANT TO SPEND MARKETING FUNDS

After you know the total amount available to spend on marketing, the next step is how you plan to spend that money. Three main factors decide how you spend marketing fundsA、the budget amount, your past experiences, and where you can reach the right audience.

You will start organizing how to spend the funds based on the amount. Besides, you need to consider the strategies that have worked in the past. Also, you need to consider which marketing channels will allow you to reach the right audience.

STEP 3A、ASSESS DATA AND MAKE APPROPRIATE CHANGES

The final step in building a good marketing budget is the analysis of the plan and any changes that may improve revenue. Ultimately, marketing is designed to bring in extra revenue. If the activity does not bring in any additional revenue over its cost, then it is better to change strategy and try something else.

Assessing the data is a vital part of creating an effective marketing strategy. Evaluation begins with comparing past performance to the performance after marketing the product or services. However, a good budget alone is not enough. You have to take action and remain committed to following through your plan. By keeping the budget in mind when you make decisions, you will have the opportunity to work out different strategies to find the best solutions for your business goals and prevent overspending on marketing.

操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。

1. What should the budget plan be based on？ {A; B; C}

A. The company's reliable expense.

B. The company's reliable income.

C. The company's reliable cost.

2. What does “disposable income” mean in Passage 3？ {A; B; C}

A. Total income.

B. Previous income.

C. Net income.

3. You have to be clear of ________________when organizing financial information. {A; B; C}

A. the income and expenses

B. the marketing fund

C. the budget management

4. The three main factors that decide how you spend marketing funds are _______________. {A; B; C}

A. the money you have earned, the actual expenses and the money you will expend

B. the budget amount, your past experiences and where you can reach the right audience

C. the assets you have, the product and the income

5. Keeping the budget in mind when making marketing decisions will avoid ______________. {A; B; C}

A. using less than you earn

B. using money unnecessarily

C. using more than you earn