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题目
"It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review," said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. "We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways." He said.
In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions--generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations-- have made it hard to interpret results.
Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators (呼吸器) to help patients breathe, is the mainstay (主要支持) of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties, Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. "There is a lack of shared information," Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published.
The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The World Health organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations.
Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for______.
A．gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected
B．conducting clinical studies of SAR8 patients
C．determining treatment for SARS
D．published all the information about SARS
更多“A scientific panel convened by the World Health organization recommended guidelines on Fri”相关的问题
第1题
A、because
B、as
C、while
D、when
第2题
完型填空Climate change is one of the most fundamental challenges ever to confront humanity. Its impacts are already showing and will intensify over time ___1___ left unchecked. There is overwhelming scientific evidence, ___2___ shown in the Fourth Assessment Report (第四次评估报告的综合报告 ) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (政府间气候变化专门委员会), that climate change will threaten ___3___ growth and long-term prosperity, as well as the very survival of the most vulnerable populations. IPCC projections indicate that if emissions continue to rise at their current ___4___ and are allowed to double from their pre-industrial level, the world will face an average temperature ___5___ of around 3℃this century. Serious impacts are associated ___6___ this scenario (情景), including sea-level rise, shifts in growing seasons, and an ___7___ frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as storms, floods and droughts. The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December in 2009 offers a ___8___ opportunity to step up international action on climate change. A Copenhagen deal is ___9___ the global transition into green economic growth, and, most urgently, to help the world, especially the most vulnerable, to adapt to impacts ___10___ are now inevitable.
1.A. if B. whether C. when D. which
2.A. because B. as C. while D. when
3.A. economics B. economical C. economy D. economic
4.A. speed B. rate C. pace D. rhythm
5.A. rising B. rise C. raise D. raising
6.A. with B. to C. from D. in
7.A. being increased B. increased C. increase D. increasing
8.A. history B. historical C. historic D. historically
9.A. necessary B. inevitable C. essential to D. basic
10.A. that B. of which C. who D. what
第3题
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript. will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”
John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.
31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that
[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.
[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.
[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.
[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to
[A] found.
[B] marked.
[C] revised.
[D] stored.
33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
[A] pose a threat to all its peers.
[B] meet with strong opposition.
[C] increase Science’s circulation.
[D]set an example for other journals.
34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
[A] adds to researchers’ workload.
[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.
[C] has room for further improvement.
[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future
35. Which of the following is the best title of the text？
[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.
[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
第4题
A.Panel ID标签边缘翘起为OK
B.Panel ID标签可做标记
C.Panel ID破损或缺角面积≤2mm*3mm即OK
D.Panel ID破损或缺角面积≤3mm*3mm即OK
第9题
A.Panel是容器，Frame不是
B.Panel不是容器，rame是
C.Panel和Frame都是容器
D.Panel和Frame都不是容器
第10题
A.panel
B.jury
C.court
D.legislation
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