The psychologist a strong maturational theory to account for individual differences i

A.A.the steps in which work is done

B.B.the state of mind of a worker when working

C.C.the effect of working environment on a worker

D.D.the value of the product a worker is making

the former__________ 查看材料

A.places great emphasis on maximum production

B.cares little about the increase of production

C.is mainly concerned with workers" satisfaction

D.worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions

actly what takes【C1】______when they learn？ How by what【C2】______logic do they reach conclusions perfectly【C3】______to them but illogical to us？

Much exciting【C4】______is going on in an effort to find【C5】______to these questions. Foremost is the【C6】______of Jean Piaget, the Swiss psychologist who pioneered the【C7】______and whose theories have had an unparalleled【C8】______on education, especially in Europe. He has【C9】______(in French)over twenty - five books and 150 articles【C10】______are a gold【C11】______of ideas about the development of a child's【C12】______. About half the books and a【C13】______of the articles have been translated into English,【C14】______his style. of writing and the【C15】______technical vocabulary make him a very【C16】______author to read in any language.

Following Piaget's lead, there has been a【C17】______of research in a number of countries,【C18】______the United States. Reports of these【C19】______, too, are often so hedged about with a thicket of professional jargon that they are【C20】______to the nonspecialist.

【C1】

A．part

B．along

C．place

D．position

etween money and happiness, but that's myth, says University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener.

The connection is complex. In fact, very rich people rate substantially higher in satisfaction with life than very poor people do, even within wealthy nations, he says. "There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness," said economist Andrew Oswald of University of Warwick in England. The main debate, he said, is how strong the effect is.

Oswald recently reported a study of Britons who won between ＄ 2,000 and ＄ 250,000 in a lottery (彩票拍奖). As a group, they showed a boost in happiness averaging a bit more than one point on a 36-point scale when surveyed two years after their win, compared to their levels two years before they won.

Daniel Kahnman, a Nobel-Prize winner and Princeton economist, and colleagues, recently declared that the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is "mostly illusory". They noted that in one study, members of the high-income group were almost twice as likely to call themselves "very happy" as people from households with incomes below ＄ 20,000. But other studies, rather than asking for a summary estimate of happiness, follow people through the day and repeatedly record their feeling. These studies show less effect of income on happiness. Kahneman and colleagues said.

There is still another twist to the money-happiness story. Even though people who make＄150,000 are considerably happier than those who make ＄ 40,000, It's not clear why, says psychologist Richard E. Lucas of Michigan State University.

Researchers conclude that any effect of money on happiness is smaller than most daydreamers assume. "People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few thousand," Oswald said. "The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rises in salary. It's much better advice, if you're looking for happiness in life, try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary."

The main purpose of this passage is to discuss ______

A．the contributions of household incomes to happiness

B．the complex relationship between money and happiness

C．the positive relationship between money and happiness

D．the negative relations of money to happiness

they see.Chances are you will receive three different answers.Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives(感觉、察觉) something different about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds.Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket.Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the crossing.The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children.For perception is the mind's explanation of what the senses - in this case our eyes - tell us.

Many psychologists today are working to try to decide just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him.Using a scientific method, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors.By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

31.Seeing and perceiving are().

A.the same action

B.two separate actions

C.two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

D.several actions that take place at different time

32.Perceiving is an action that takes place().

A.in our eycs

B.only when we think very hard about something

C.only under the direction of a psychologist

D.in every person's mind

33.People perceive different things about the same scene because().

A.they come from different countries

B.they can't agree about things

C.some have better eyesight

D.not clearly mentioned in the passage

34.Psychologists study perception by().

A.setting up many experiments

B.asking each other what they see

C.looking out of the window themselves

D.studying the differences in people's eyes

35.The best title for this passage is().

A.How We See

B.Learning About Our Minds Through Science

C.What Psychologists Perceive

D.How to Become an Experimental Psychologist

riminal．He assembled photographs of men convicted of heinous crimes and made a composite by lining them up on a single photographic plae The surprise：everybody liked the villain，including Gahonhimself．He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process．In the next century，scientists began to show reliably thatfaces combined digitally on computers were likable--more so than the individual faces from which they were composed Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton’s breasts，in general humans like averages． Researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from anorm．But they also found that the norm can change quickly．When researchers showed 1 64 peoplesets of 100 computer—generated faces representing a slow transition from male to female and from Japanese to Caucasian--it turned out that the test subjects’idea of what constitute an“average”face shifted depending on the first face they saw．When they were flashed a supermasculine face first，more faces on the spectrum impressed them，by contrast，as female The masculine face had，in effect，set a standard From then on，other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as be longing to the gender．the study note a similar shift using a Scale of faces moving from surprise to 1‘disgust． The authors，who published their results in the journal Nature，conclude that in real life we al so quickly change our perception of the midpoint--what’s normal--depending on what we see We may not be aware that our judgment has changed；we simply see differently，says Michael Wel)ster，a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Reno and coauthor of the study． One implication is that individual and social attitudes toward what’s acceptable，and what’s beautiful，change over time “If you look at plastic—surgery trends”，in the 1950s and 1960s you saw little upturned noses，notes Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff，author of the book Survival of the Prettiest：The Science of beauty．“Now the noses are broader and the lips are plumper．We’re seeing images from around the globe and its changing our idea of the average”So if you’re unhappy with some aspect of your face，take comfort：beauty，is a moving target．

Francis Gahon’s test shows that________．

A．people prefer average faces to those with conspicuous features

B．sometimes evil persons have more attractive appearance

C．it is hard to distinguish between criminals and ordinary people

D．the result of trying to read faces is a shock to average people

t they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses in this case our eyes tell us.

Many psychologists (心理学家) today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

(1)Which of the following is TRUE？

A、We have chances to receive three different answers from three people.

B、It is likely that we will receive three different answers from three people.

C、It is proved that we will receive three different answers from three people.

D、It is impossible that we will receive three different answers from three people.

(2)Seeing and perceiving are ________.

A、the same action

B、two separate actions

C、two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

D、several actions that take place at different times

(3)Perceiving is an action that takes place ________.

A、in our eyes

B、only when we are thinking hard

C、only under the direction of a psychologist

D、in every person's mind

(4)Psychologists study perception by _______.

A、setting up many experiments

B、asking each other what they see

C、looking out of windows

D、studying people's eyes

(5)The best title for this selection is _______.

A、How We See

B、Learning about Our Minds through Science

C、Color and People

D、How to Become a Psychologist

It's all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that 【C1】______ evening you're burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, 【C2】______ are throwing the books at kids. 【C3】______ elementary school students are complaining of homework 【C4】______ What's a well-meaning parent to do？

As hard as 【C5】______ may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, 【C6】______ helping too much, or even examining 【C7】______ too carefully, you may keep them 【C8】______ doing it by themselves. "I wouldn't advise a parent to check every 【C9】______ assignment," says psychologist John Rosemnd, author of Ending the Tough Homework. "There's a 【C10】______ of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children 【C11】______ the grade they deserve. "Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 【C12】______ . But "you don't want them to feel it has to be 【C13】______ ," she says.

That's not to say parents should 【C14】______ homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids 【C15】______ . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 【C16】______ four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be" 【C17】______ more than an hour and a half," and two for high school students. If your child 【C18】______ has more homework than this, you may want to check 【C19】______ other parents and then talk to the teacher about 【C20】______ assignments.

【C1】______

A．very

B．exact

C．right

D．usual

ou're burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards,【B2】are throwing the books at kids.【B3】elementary school students are complaining of homework【B4】. What's a well-meaning parent to do？

As hard as【B5】may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it,【B6】. helping too much, or even examining【B7】too carefully, you may keep them【B8】doing it by themselves. "I wouldn't advise a parent to check every【B9】assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. "There's a【B10】of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children【B11】the grade they deserve."

Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their【B12】. But "you don't want them to feel it has to be【B13】," she says.

That's not to say parents should【B14】homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids【B15】. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in【B16】four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high school students it should be "【B17】more than an hour and a half", and two for high-school students. If your child【B18】bas more homework than this, you may want to check【B19】other parents and then talk to the teacher about【B20】assignment.

【B1】

A．very

B．exact

C．right

D．usual

It's an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (21) evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (22) are throwing the books at kids. (23) elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue. What's a well-meaning parent to do？

As hard as (24) may be, sit back and chill experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, (25) helping too much, or even examining answers too carefully, you may keep them (26) doing it by themselves. "! wouldn't advise a parent to check every 27 assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework, "There's a (28) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (29) the grade they deserve."

Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their (30) . But "you don't want them to feel it has to be (31) ," she says.

That's not to say parents should (32) homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids have. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (33) four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be" (34) more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students. If your child consistently has more homework than this, you may want to check (35) other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.

21.

A. very

B. exact

C. right

D. usual

回答题。

You must have been troubled by when to say "I love you" because it is one of the greatest puz-zles in our life．

What if you say it first and your partner doesn&39; t love you back？ Or if they do say it but youdon&39;t feel they mean it？ Being the first to declare your love can be nerve-racking(紧张) and riskyand can leave you feeling as vulnerable as a turtle with no shell．But is the person who says it firstreally in a position of weakness？ Doesn&39;t it pay to hold back, play it cool and wait until the otherhalf has shown their hand fh&39;st？

"A really good relationship should be about being fair and being equal," says psychologist Sid-ney Crown．"But love is seldom equal．" All relationships go through power straggles but, he says,if a love imbalance continues for years, the rot will set in．"That feeling of &39;I&39; ve always loved youmore&39; may be subverted(颠覆，破坏) for a time, but it never goes away completely and it often e-merges in squabbling(大声争吵)．" In love, at least, the silent, withholding type is not always themost powerful．"The strongest one in a relationship is often the person who feels confident enough totalk about their feelings," says educational psychologist Ingrid Collins．Psychosexual therapist PaulaHall agrees．"The one with the upper hand is often the person who takes the initiative．In fact, theperson who says &39;I love you&39; first may also be the one who says &39;I&39;m bored with you&39; first．" Hallbelieves that much depends on how "I love you" is said and the motivation of the person saying it．

"Is it said when they&39; re drunk？ Is it said before their parmer flies off on holiday, and what it reallymeans is &39; Please don&39; t be unfaithful to me&39; ？ By saying &39; I love you&39;, they really saying&39; Do youlove me？&39; If so, wouldn&39; t it just be more honest to say that？" Collins agrees that intention is every-thing．"It&39; s not what is said, but how it&39; s said．What it comes down to is the sincerity of thespeaker．"

What is the main idea of this passage？ 查看材料

A.The importance of "I love you"．

B.The meaning of "I love you"

C.The time of saying "I love you"

D.The place of saying "I love you"．