The whole subject of children's thinking is a fascinating one. How do their minds work？ Ex

A、whole

B、the whole

C、all of

D、all

A．a team manager

B．the team

C．their potential

D．their objectives

llow, and they certainly don’t have a set of textbooks that are taught by all school districts throughout the country. That’s why textbooks vary greatly from school to school, and from teacher to teacher even though they are all teaching the same subject in the same grade. Some schools provide books to use, but teachers do not strictly follow them. They only use them as a reference, and enjoy pointing out mistakes and wrong information given in the books. They often share their own points of view with their students. Teaching like this has many advantages. Teachers can bring out their expertise, fully elaborating their most familiar areas. Students are more interested in what they are studying. Also this flexible teaching style. benefits students in the development of critical thinking skills and the ability to apply them. On the other hand teaching like this also has many drawbacks. It causes uneven study levels. It is even more so among different schools and districts. Students in the same grade do not usually have a thorough understanding of a subject taught in the same school year. The teacher for the following year would have to spend a lot of time finding out what the students already know or do not know in the subject before starting his/her own teaching plan. Some parts may be repeated, resulting in waste of time; and other parts may not be covered at all.

Exams in American schools are much less rigid than those in China. Teaching is flexible, so are exams. Even if you memorized the whole textbook, it might not be of much help in the exams. My Chinese friend envied me for nothaving to worry about the competition for attending the best schools by takingendless exams.

(1) What are advantages of the flexible teaching style？

A、It benefits students in the development of critical thinking skills.

B、Teachers can bring out their expertise.

C、Students may have freedom in study.

D、Both A and B.

(2) The flexible teaching style. ______.

A、may cause troubles to the teacher for the following year.

B、usually helps students to have a thorough understanding of a subject

C、makes the exam easy.

D、may save teachers’time

(3) The word drawbacks (paragraph 2) means______.

A、mistakes

B、difficulties

C、disadvantages

D、troubles

(4) From the passage we are told American teachers______.

A、have to follow a specific teaching plan.

B、dislike pointing out mistakes and wrong information given in the books.

C、teaching the same subject may use different textbooks.

D、strictly follow books provided by schools.

(5) This article is mainly about ______.

A、the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible teaching style

B、American schools

C、American teachers

D、teaching methods in American schools

Since 1895 the National Trust(国家文物信托基金会) has worked for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Today the Trust — 【B1】______ is not a government department but a charity depending on the 【B2】______ support of the public and its own members — is the largest landowner and conservation society in Britain.

Wherever you go, you are close to land that is protected and 【B3】______ by the National Trust. Over 300 miles of 【B4】______coastline； 90,000 acres of land, lakes and forests in one area of natural beauty 【B5】______ ； prehistoric and Roman ruins； moorlands and farmland, woods and islands； lengths of 【B6】______ waterways； even seventeen whole villages — all are open to the public at all times subject only 【B7】______ the needs of farming, forestry and the protection of wildlife.

But the Trust's protection【B8】______ further than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and【B9】______ two hundred historic buildings which it opens to paying visitors. Castles and churches, houses of 【B10】______or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks 【B11】______ to the Trust by their former owners. Many houses retain their 【B12】______ content of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over 【B13】______ , and often the donor himself continues to live in part of the house as a 【B14】______ of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver-framed photographs, books and papers in the rooms are signs that the house is still loved and 【B15】______ and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.

【B1】

A．it

B．which

C．this

D．whether it

fifth and sixth grade, reading, on the whole is【M1】______ effectively taught and well learned. To that level we find a steady and general improvement, but beyond it the curves flatten out to be a dead level. This is not because a person arrives his natural limitation of efficiency when【M2】______ he reaches the sixth grade, for it has been shown again and again that with special tuition so much older than children, and also adults, can【M3】______ make enormous improvement. Nor does it mean that most sixth-graders read well enough for all practical purpose. A great many pupils do poorly in high school because of sheer inept in getting meaning【M4】______ from the printed page. The average high-school graduate has done a great deal of reading, and if he goes on to college he will do a great deal more, and he is likely to be a poor and incompetent reader.(Note that【M5】______ this holds true for the average student, not the person who is a【M6】______ subject for special medical treatment.)He can follow a simple piece of fiction and enjoy it. But put him up a closely【M7】______ written exposition, an economical stated argument, or a passage【M8】______ required critical consideration, and he is at a loss. It has been shown,【M9】______ for instance, that the average high-school student is amazingly inept at indicating the central thought of a passage, or the levels of emphasis and subordination in an argument or exposition. For all intents and【M10】______ purposes he remains a sixth-grade reader till well along in college.

【M1】

ain alone, about HK ＄ 3,000,000's worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK ＄150 million a year, and represents about 4 per cent of the shops' total stock. As a result of this "shrinkage" as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.

2 Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can't help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.

3 The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.

4 The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of

shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.

5 In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in shop-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years' time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!

Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops？

A．There is a "shrinkage" in market values.

B．Many goods are not available.

C．Goods in many shops lack variety.

D．There are many cases of shop-lifting.

even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don't bother, here's the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.

What are they learning？ In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy store book rack, next to typical kids' books like Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy Is Dysfunctional. It's a teacher's guide called Happy To Be Me, subtitled Building Self Esteem.

Self-esteem, as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.

No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject", be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation so consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.

Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed. Whereas I learned English, modern kids learn something called "language skills." Whereas I learned writing, modern kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, 23 per cent facial expression, 20 per cent tone of voice, and 50 per cent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn me at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.

The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in How to Win Friends and Influence People. Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in diaries, searching their souls and honing their critical thinking on paper.

"Happy To Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.

There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great" or "hopefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "Unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves." Which is good, because all that reviling didn't make me feel particularly good about anything.

Which of the following is the author implying in paragraph 5？

A．Self-criticism has gone too far.

B．Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skills.

C．Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadays.

D．This column does not meet the demanding evaluation criteria of today.

fact will inspire entirely different feelings in different persons, and at different times in the same person; and there is no rationally deducible (可推论的) connection between any outer fact and the sentiments it may happen to provoke. These have their source in another sphere of existence altogether, in the animal and spiritual region of the subject's being. Conceive yourself, if possibly, suddenly stripped of all the emotion with which your world now inspires you, and try to imagine it as it exists, purely by itself, without your favorable or unfavorable, hopeful or apprehensive comment. Ft will be almost impossible for you to realize such a condition of negativity and deadness. No one portion of the universe would then have importance beyond another; and the whole collection of its things and series of its events would be without significance, character, expression, or perspective. Whatever of value, interest, or meaning our respective worlds may al3 pear endowed with are thus pure gifts of the spectator's mind. The passion of love is the most familiar and extreme example of this fact. If it comes, it comes; if it does not come, no process of reasoning can force it. Yet it trans forms the value of the creature loved as utterly as the sunrise transforms Mont Blanc from a corpse-like gray to a rosy enchantment; and it sets the whole world to a new tune for the lover and gives a new issue to his life. So with fear, with indignation, jealousy, ambition, worship. If they are there, life changes. And whether they shall be there or not depends almost always upon non-logical, often on organic conditions. And as the excited interest which these passions put into the world is our gift to the world, just so are the passions themselves gifts;—gifts to us, from sources sometimes low and some times high; but almost always non-logical and beyond our control. Gifts, either of the flesh or of the spirit; and the spirit blows where it lists, and the world's materials lend their surface passively to all the gifts alike, as the stage-setting receives indifferently whatever alternating colored lights may be shed upon it from the optical apparatus in the gallery.

Meanwhile the practically real world for each one of us, the effective world of the individual, is the compound world, the physical facts and emotional values in indistinguishable combination. Withdraw or pervert (使错乱) either factor of this complex resultant, and the kind of experience we call pathological ensues.

This passage mainly discusses ______.

A．the dual nature of the world in which we humans live

B．the effect of strong emotions

C．emotion and reality'

D．emotions and passions—gifts of the spectator's mind

This involves a change of attitude in many ways. Although the process has been going on since you went to middle school, the biggest change is going to take place. Now, instead of taking several subjects, you have chosen one major subject because you find it interesting and worth exploring further. The choice was yours. You also have the goal of getting a degree . The degree and the stages you have to pass through to achieve it give you motivation, even though it may become weak from time to time, and not all parts of the course will be exciting; a sure way to lose interest is to do too little work. It is a law of diminishing returns - the less work you do, the less interest you will have and the more bored you will become. So, regular work is needed to keep up your interest as well as to keep pace with new work.

Another change is in the relationship with teachers. This may well have changed during middle school and high school, but now the whole context is different. You are no longer forced to slay in school all day, and apart from your class time, you organize your own time and place for studying. You are there to study (an active process) rather than to be taught (passive). Your teachers may or may not urge you, but they do want you to share their interest in the subject and they want you to succeed.

Some activities, like discussing and reading, are basic to studying. Make sure that you are doing these efficiently.

Group discussions give you a chance to train yourself to speak and discuss more effectively.

Theywill fail in their purpose if you keep silent—and if you start off this way, the harder it will become to get out of the situation of being the non-speaking member of the group. In the future you are almost certainly going to have to be good at speaking, so get into the way of talking about your subject now. This is actually more fun than sitting being silently miserable because you are not saving anything. Nobody will think what you say is foolish. Everyone will be thankful not to face awkward silence.

55. When does a person start to study professionally？

A）The time when he starts a profession.

B）The time when he goes to university.

C）The time when he knows how to study.

D）The time when he goes to high school.

56. Which of the following is not unique to university？

A）Students have to choose one major subject.

B）The goal of study is to get a degree.

C）Students need to work hard.

D）Students organize their own time for studying.

57. University teachers（）.

A）don’t care about students’performance

B）hope students can share their interest in

C）force students to stay in school all day

D）know nothing about their students

58.Who does the underlined word”they”refer to？

A）University teachers.

B）Group discussions.

C）University students.

D）The topics of discussions.

supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject, which has blighted their holidays and mined their evenings.

The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25 % of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC's response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.

Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.

The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.

The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style. of thesis, too.

By the time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time ______.

A．most of them died of some sickness

B．their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobs

C．most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subject

D．most of their grants run out