American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the

Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing

A．prevents new habits from being formed.

B．no longer emphasizes commonness.

C．maintains the inherent American thinking mode.

D．complies with the American belief system.

A．lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changing

B．most American couples over 40 have no living parents

C．middle-aged Americans have to take care of their children and parents at the same time

D．elderly people may need care for a long time because they live longer after an illness

Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing

A．prevents new habits from being formed.

B．no longer emphasizes commonness.

C．maintains the inherent American thinking mode.

D．complies with the American belief system.

Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing

A, prevents new habits form. being formed

B, no longer emphasizes commonness

C, maintains the inherent American thinking model

D, complies with the American belief system

schools offer extended learning by adding extra time to the school day or increasing the length of the school year. Some states are moving to this type of schedule in an attempt to increase student achievement. Is it worthwhile？ Longer days allow for more instruction in core classes, individualized attention and additional tutoring time for struggling students. Schools that switched to longer days reported significant gains in language arts, math and science. The most notable change was a gain of about 20 percent more proficiency in math from 2006 to 2010. However, the additional time must be accompanied by quality instruction to have an impact. Longer school days also have positive implications for teachers, allowing for more collaboration with colleagues, planning time and opportunities for on-campus professional development. Some districts that use extended time have raised salaries and increased benefits to compensate teachers for the extra hours. Longer days can also help close the achievement gap between socioeconomic groups. Families who can afford it often supplement their childrens education with additional classes and tutoring. With longer days, children from less-wealthy families would have these same opportunities. Students in schools with extended days average seven hours of instruction in art, music and physical education, which is double the national average. Advocates of longer days argue that American students spend less time in school than their counterparts in other nations and are consequently lagging behind. In fact, American students attend school for 900 to 1,000 hours per year. Finland, which consistently performs well on standardized tests, averages 608 hours of instruction at the elementary level per year. By middle school, many American students have received many more instructional hours than students in Japan, Korea and Finland, yet these three countries continue to post high scores. Additional time in school means more energy costs, higher salaries and more resources. While adding time appears to have positive effects, it comes at a cost that some schools cannot afford. Adding time to the school day increases school budgets an additional 6 to 20 percent more per year. Cash-strapped schools may not be able to cover this additional cost without revising their budgets. The question that schools must answer is whether the additional instruction and enrichment time is worth the additional costs.

Some schools in the U.S. add extra time to the school day or school year to______.

A．demand larger school budgets

B．make more money out of the students

C．help take care of young students

D．improve students academically

p in the American College of Surgeons(美国外科医生学会) , a highly selective and distinguished(著名的) professional organization.

As part of the application procedure (手续) , Dr. Ginoux was asked to prepare a list of all the operations performed in the previous even years. Slowly, as she worked on the long list, she began to feel uncertain. She began to question some of her decisions. Had she used the best technique in that case？ Maybe, in this case, she should have given one more test before operating？ On the other hand, maybe she should have. . . Would the doctors on the selection committee understand that, as the only trained surgeon in the area, she usually could not get advice from others and therefore, had to rely completely on her own judgment？ For the first time, Dr. Ginoux felt lonely and isolated.

The longer Dr. Ginoux worked on the application forms, the more depressed she became. As hope faded, she wondered if a "country doctor"had a realistic chance of being accepted by the American College of Surgeons.

Dr. Ginoux was working in______.

A．a large city

B．the American College of Surgeons

C．an area far from any big city

D．a selective organization

Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1_____ has great importance for many people.

This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2_____ for one？s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3_____portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to _____4_____support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5_____ of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in theUnited States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6_____ is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.

When U.S. soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7_____ they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8_____ a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically inthe suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9_____ a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their _____10_____ way of life.

"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential

attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the

family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home 【M1】 ______

has great importance for many people.

This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,

dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers

of the American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house 【M2】 ______

for one's family, and started a farm. These small households were 【M3】 ______

portraits of independence: the entire family--mother, father, children,

even grandparents--live in a small house and working together to 【M4】 ______

support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance 【M5】 ______

of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the

United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership 【M6】 ______

is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.

When U.S soldiers came home before World War Ⅱ, for example, 【M7】 ______

they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was 【M8】 ______

a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in

the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied 【M9】 ______

a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their 【M10】 ______

way of life.

【M1】

s the【79】of the disease that generally【80】older people-disease such as cancer, heart attack and strokes.【81】is the delay of the process of growing old--the【82】of the body.

In recent years scientific researchers【83】much time in the study of the process of aging. They believe that, within a few years, they will develop the knowledge and the【84】to delay the aging process for 10 to 15 years. The result will be that more people will live longer, more healthy lives.【85】, scientists believe that with the fight diet, exercise, medical【86】, and mental attitude many people can【87】100 years old.

Gerontologists, people who【88】studies of the growing old, are investigating why body cells show and【89】die. They feel that delaying this slowing down process would help postpone death. In a number of American universities, scientists are【90】the activity of cells, the effects of diet and internal body temperature【91】aging. If their studies are successful, the results should help【92】the quality of life for older people in the next few years,【93】increase the life span of the next generation.

(46)

es felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery "291" (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.

2 Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city, they were more interested in the "feel" of the city, more concerned with the meaning behind appearance. However, both the painters of the "Ash Can School" and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.

3 The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting., the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.

The passage primarily concerned with ______.

A．the development of Cubism

B．modern art movements in the United States

C．contemporary artists in the United States

D．the influence of photography on landscape painters