Since the US Agency for International Development （USAID) began its first HIV/AIDS prevent

The UPU has been a specialized agency of the United Nations since 1948. （翻译)

One of the most authoritative(权威的) voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. This type of voice dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mall consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.

Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this huge expenditure？

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal(讨好顾客的) to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in a favorable position.

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some changes seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

According to the passage modem advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.

A．influences our image of a special person

B．interferes with the quiet of home life

C．continually forces us into buying things

D．influences us no matter where we travel

irs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.

2 The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 per cent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.

3 But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.

4 However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.

5 But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood.

6 Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.

Hawaii's native minority refers to______.

A．Hawaii's ethnic groups.

B．people of Filipino origin.

C．the Ka Lahui group.

D．people with 50% Hawaiian blood.

. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.

The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.

But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.

However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state—as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.

But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.

Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA USS 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.

Hawaii's native minority refers to ______.

A．people of Filipino origin

B．the Ka Lahui group

C．people with 50% Hawaiian blood

D．Hawaii's ethnic groups

The agency which assigns loadlines and issues Loadline Certificates in US is the ______.

A.American Bureau of Shipping

B.Secretary of Commerce

C.US Customs

D.USCG

A．stay

B．of staying

C．to stay

D．staying

If your business with us had been carried on to our satisfaction,we ()to renew the Agency Agreement.

A、should have agreed

B、had agreed

C、shall agree

D、already agreed

of us now think of car seats as standard baby equipment, about half of all children under the age of four who died in vehicle accidents last year were not restrained. It is calculated that only about two-thirds of children ages five to fifteen buckle their seat belts.

Moreover, the traffic-safety agency estimates that even among parents who always strap their children in, 85% are not doing it properly. They often don't know where best to place the kids, don't use the proper restraint for their age and weight, or don't install the safety seats properly. Despite the reports about front seats collapsing onto back seats when certain car models get in accidents, the safest place in the car for any child up to the age of 12 is still the back seat. Babies up to 9 kg and one year old should ride in rear-Facing infant seats.

Never place a child under age 12 in the front seat with a working passenger-side air bag. These devices are discharged at 320 km/h and can be triggered by low-speed fender benders. They have killed 77 kids in the U.S. since 1993. If you must place a child in front, make sure the paasengar-side bag is switched off.

Children over age one should ride in forward-facing safety seats with a five-point harness system. A child who weighs at least 18 kg or at least 1m high can graduate to a booster seat that elevates her so that the standard shoulder and lap belt fits properly.x

What does the author mainly discuss in this passage？

A．How to avoid car crash.

B．How to design safer baby equipment.

C．How to educate children properly.

D．How to properly secure children in the ear.

A.Because

B.Since

C.As

D.For

advertisers. Its strident clamor dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and lashes messages to us in colored lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of lite successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.

Advertising has been among England' s biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all the fantastic expenditure？

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover.

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alternation seems called for as to how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money t6 something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for Medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does--" Run down？ You need..." "No one will dance with you？ A little of... will make you popular".

Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamppost--for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority, or, failing that, they will even by happy with the announcement. "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest tricks uncovered almost as much as anyone else.

According to the passage, modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.

A．influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like

B．interferes with the privacy of home life

C．continually forces us into buying things

D．distracts us no matter where we are