The （）of mankind has taken thousands of years.

A.人类可持续发展 Sustainable human development

B.复兴中国梦 Reviving the Chinese Dream

C.一带一路 the Belt and Road

D.建设和谐社会 Building a harmonious society

A.人类可持续发展 Sustainable human development

B.复兴中国梦 Reviving the Chinese Dream

C.一带一路 the Belt and Road

D.建设和谐社会 Building a harmonious society

e has his/her own understanding of it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

2)give a specific example, and

3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. Your should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

A.人类可持续发展 Sustainable human development

B.复兴中国梦 Reviving the Chinese Dream

C.一带一路 the Belt and Road

D.建设和谐社会 Building a harmonious society

A.国际权力观 the concept of international power

B.共同利益观 the concept of common interests

C.可持续发展观 the concept of sustainable development

D.全球治理观 the concept of global governance

on, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster—unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent on todays figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of the world will have to step up their production of food by at least two percent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being changed into industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll (损失). Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manners of climate conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics (水栽 法), as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries; already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business, now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or ploughing, and no weeding to speak of. Yields can be far higher than they are in soil.

Which of the following best sums up the whole passage？

A．Malthus" prediction has been proved to be correct by modern experts.

B．Hydroponics is a new development in agriculture.

C．Hydroponics may be the answer to the world food shortage in the future.

D．Conventional methods of agriculture should be improved so as to step up food production by two percent every year.

ing people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.

Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies.

Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modernday Malthusians, who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quiet lately. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world's population increased by 1.6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a

host of interesting policy dilemmas.

As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse. But it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organisation labelled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.

Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco？ Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming (see survey) and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.

The author write this passage mainly to ______.

A．bring up some warnings.

B．tell the reader some new facts.

C．discuss a solution to a problem.

D．persuade the reader to keep fit.

根据下列材料，请回答题

Scotland：A Land of Wisdom

In the l740s，the famous French philosopher Voltaire said“We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization．’’That’S not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to attracting people to search for a first-class education．

According to the American author Arthur Herman，the Scots invented the modern world it self．He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modern life depends——everything from the scientific method to market economics．Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals，but to those people in business，government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world．

It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运动），which is usually seen as taking place between the years l 740 and l 800．Before that，philosophy was mainly concerned with religion．For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment，the proper study of humanity was mankind itself．

Their reasoning was practical．For the philosopher David Hume，humanity was the fight subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior. and SO find real evidence of how people think and feel．And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make

concrete suggestions about how they can be improved，for universal benefit．

Hume’s enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method the pursuit of truth through experiment．His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh，Adam Smith，famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business．Trade，he argued，was a form. of information．In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets，we all come to benefit each Other．

Smith’s idea has dominated modern views of economics．It also has wide applications．He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich，free and powerful through peace，trade and invention．

Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago，the ideas which evolved at that time still underpin（构成……的基础）our theories of human exchange and enquiry．It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with orientation（方向）．

Scotland is the right place to receive a first．class education． 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

The great whales are among the most fascinating creatures which __1__have ever lived on the earth, and one of them, the blue whale, is the largest. People in ancient times thought whales as fearsome __2__monsters of the ocean depths. So to hunt a whale, when one occasionally swam toward shore, he was high adventure. People __3__found the adventure was rewarding, too, for the oil and meat from one whale alone could heat and feed a village for a whole winter.

Whales resemble huge fish. They were referred by the ancients as __4__

“great fish,” and any whale beaching along the coasts of England was designated “the King’s fish” because it automatically belonged to the Crown.

Ever since those early times, human have felt whales a sense of __5__wonder mixed with an intense desire to capture, slaughter, and exploit. Now the slaughter has reached alarming proportions. __6__

Even though some species are protected by the regulations of the International Whaling Commission and theoretically all whale hunting is regulated, but the earth’s stock of whales is still being __7__depleted. In fact, some scientists worry that 100 years since now __8__there may be no whales left. If this happens, mankind will be blame for removing from the earth forever a remarkable and __9__awe-inspiring creature that always fed man’s imagination and __10__

made the world a more exciting place.

ity on Earth. In terms of man's brief life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fail of the leaves, but to forester it represents the climax of a long succession of events.

No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements of temperature and moisture and, in ages past, virtually every part of Earth's surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a fascinating sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.

First to colonize the barren land are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris accumulates, and mosses establish a shallow root-hold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form. a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination-closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may endure for thousands of years.

Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for pasture or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a secondary succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and lodged in the coats of mammals.

For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast machine, storing energy and many elements essential for life.

What does the forest strike mankind as permanent？

A．The trees are in community.

B．The forest is renewed each season.

C．Man's life is short in comparison.

D．It is an essential part our lives.