Why do people prefer to buy food or daily necessities in grocery stores or supermarkets？（)

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform. to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classie experiment, people were showna vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform. it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙 )of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least o ne wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

But why do people conform. in this way？ In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform. because they lose onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street？It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman' s assistance.

25. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word "conform" probably means“ ()”.

A.seek independence

B.disobey orders

C.seek pleasure

D.follow what others do

26.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2？ To().

A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others

B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others

C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded

D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others

27.In the last paragraph, according to the author,why wouldn’t one help the woman ？He().

A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand

B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it

C.is too shy to give his helping hand

D.thinks someone else will offer assistance

28.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text？ (

A.Giving examples.

B.Cause-effect analysis.

C.Comparative analysis.

D.Process analysis.

r others learn？ing just one foreign language is neither enjoyable nor successful？ What makes learning a new language so easy for some and so difficult or others？

We each have our own preferred way of learning as a result of our cultural and educational back？grounds and our personalities. Experts have identi？fied different learning styles.

Visual Learners usually enjoy reading and prefer to see an image of the words they are learn？ing. Auditory Learners on the other hand prefer to learn by listening. They enjoy conversations and talking to others.

Some people like to learn by using their hands to touch objects？ while others like to move around and need frequent breaks from sitting at a desk.

There are Analytical Learners meaning they enjoy understanding how the language works. They love studying grammar rules and like to focus on de？tails whereas Global Learners are more interested in communicating their ideas and are not worried about whether what they say is grammatically correct.

In spoken English the Japanese tend to be Re？flective Learners. They think carefully before they speak to ensure their message is accurate. They do not make so many mistakes but their communication is slower. European learners tend to be Impulsive Learners. They speak more fluently and worry about how well they are communicating rather than how many mistakes they are making.

So to do well in a language？ you should identi- fy your style. and try to find a class that will teach you the way you want to learn. For example if you are a Reflective Learner you may not do so well in a purely conversational class and as an Auditory Learner you probably don't want to do so much reading. In fact if you are an Auditory Learner you are probably not enjoying yourself right now!

(1)The passage mainly talks about () .

A. the difficult learning styles of some people

B. the easy learning ways of other people

C. the different learning styles of the Japanese

D. the different learning methods of all the people

(2)Which of the following phrases isn't con？nected with the learning style？

A. The way people are taught to learn a language.

B. The place where people are from.

C. The size of people.

D. The kind of person people are.

(3)Visual Learners like to () .

A. see things

B. touch things

C. hear things

D. do things

(4)Auditory Learners like to ().

A. hear things

B. buy things

C. destroy things

D. paint things

(5)Analytical Learners() .

A. are similar to Global Learners

B. never worry about mistakes

C. love to study details

D. do well in conversation

听力原文： When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. However, even when care-giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children. Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help from others especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do.

Questions:

29. Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents？

30. Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes？

31. According to the passage，what must caregivers learn to do？

(30)

A．They think they should follow the current trend.

B．Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.

C．Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.

D．They have jobs and other commitments.

Sal's卫星公司向纽约和洛杉矶的订户发送电视节目。两地订户群体的需求曲线分别为:（1)纽约市

Sal's卫星公司向纽约和洛杉矶的订户发送电视节目。两地订户群体的需求曲线分别为:

(1)纽约市场和洛杉矶市场的利润最大化价格和数量各是多少？

(2)因为在五角大楼配置了一颗新卫星，洛杉矶人可以接收到Sal's在纽约发送的节目,而纽约人也可接收到Sal's在洛杉矶的播出。这样纽约或洛杉矶的任何人只要在任一城市付费就可收到Sal's的节目。因此Sal's只能定单一的价格。它会定什么价格，以及它在纽约和洛杉矶能销售多大数量呢？

(3)在上面的(1)还是(2)哪种情况下，Sal's是得益的？从消费者剩余的角度，纽约人偏爱哪种情况而洛杉矶人偏爱哪种情况？为什么？

Sal 's satellite company broadcasts TV to subscribers in Los Angeles and New York. The demand functions for each of these two groups are

a. i What are the profit - maximizing prices and quantities for the New York and Los Angeles markets？

b. As a consequence of a new satellite that the Pentagon recently deployed, people in Los Angeles receive Sal's New York broadcasts, and people in New York receive Sal's Los Angeles broad-casts. As a result, anyone in New York or los Angeles can receive Sal’s broadcasts by subscribing in either city. Hence Sal can charge only a single price. What price should he charge, and what quantities will he sell in New York and Los Angeles？

c.In which of the above situations. (a) or (b), is Sal better off？ In terms of consumer surplus, which situation do people in New York prefer and which do people in Los Angeles prefer？ Why？

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Mothers have known it for years. Give the children a hamburger, and they will love it; spend hours making a home-cooked meal, and they will leave it on the plate. Now French scientists have discovered why. According to researchers near Paris, the brain does not respond well to

unfamiliar tastes. Sensations are not as strong when the mind is struggling to understand messages that come from the tongue. This provides little reason to taste new things.

Human beings are naturally like rats – we are afraid of anything new. If you give rats some food that they have never had before, they will turn their backs on it out of fear. We are the same. It is possible to introduce new foods, but only in the right psychological context, like a birthday. Once the introduction has been made, the fact of having a full stomach

is physically pleasing, so the next time it is easier. However, some foods are more tempting than others. Scientists are sure that we are born with a sweet tooth. This is why children have a natural desire for sugar. Another discovery is how a sense of smell affects our appetite. In one experiment, chemical substances were put on the tongues of human participants. At the same time, air was blown down the participants’noses so they could not smell the chemical substances. As a result, no two people got the same sensation from the same food. Physical,

psychological, and cultural differences shaped the response.

The intensity of feelings about food depends upon knowledge of it. The average student who eats a new dish will have only a cloudy image of it, but for some people whose tongues are trained to appreciate fine differences, they’ll have an exciting experience, much like someone who has a great musical ear. This is why someone who eats hamburgers everyday likes them and becomes a hamburger expert. They can tell the difference between a Big Mac and a Burger King, just like the Japanese can tell the difference between varieties of rice that taste the same to Europeans.

51)Why do children prefer a hamburger to a home-cooked meal？

A . The person doesn’t get the instruction from the brain.

B . The brain doesn’t respond well to unfamiliar tastes.

C . The food made at home is not tasty.

D . Children prefer food that is easy to make.

52)On what occasion are people willing to try new food？

A . When they are happy.

B . When they are hungry.

C . When they have already eaten.

D . When they eat with friends.

53)What causes people to like certain foods but not others？

A . The fact whether they have a sweet tooth.

B . The way how the food is cooked.

C . The differences in people who eat food.

D . The color people see of the food.

54)Why can some people appreciate the fine differences in food？

A . They like to try different kinds of food.

B . They have an ear of music.

C . They don’t eat a lot of food.

D . They know a lot about food.

55)What is an appropriate title for the passage？

A . Why People Don’t Like Unfamiliar Food

B . The Brain That Plays a Role in Our Eating Habit

C . The Factors That Affect People’s Eating Habit

D . The Reasons Why People Can Tell Differences in Food

Nowadays many people, esp. kids, prefer fast food. What do you think of this phenomenon W

Nowadays many people, esp. kids, prefer fast food. What do you think of this phenomenon Write a comment o

What do we know about the people of the baby-boom generation？

A．Most of them become parents in their twenties.

B．Most of them prefer to live with their children.

C．They are willing to take care of their aging parents.

D．They have a higher employment rate than their kids.

A．She will have more time to prepare for it．

B．The jobs available there are more suited to her interests．

C．One of her sociology professors helped organize it．

D．Fewer people will be looking for positions th

E．

In this part you are required to write an essay about the ways of finding information. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below. 1. There are different ways of finding information. 2. Which way（） do you prefer And why