What kinds of goods are termed as future goods？（)

A．Supermarkets need more clerks than other stores

B．In supermarkets goods are placed on closed shelves

C．The customers prefer supermarkets to other kinds of stores

D．The customers pay any clerk they meet for what they have bought in supermarkets

e engine was severely damaged and there was a big hole on the bottom of the vessel. Immediately the water seeped into shipping space and partial cargoes suffered losses. The captain managed to pilot the ship to a port to repair the vessel. It took ten days to recondition the vessel. During the process of unloading and repairing, various kinds of expenses incurred. At last, the vessel sailed again. Very soon, the vessel caught fire. To protect the goods and vessel, the captain ordered to pour water into space. Some stationery was burned down and some was soaked. All the tea was soaked.

Question : Please analyze the nature of all kinds of losses and expenses and point out what kind of insurance should be covered.

(Translate the case into Chinese and then answer the question)

Helpful hint : The case is mainly about C. A. , P. A. and F. P. A..

A: Shall we begin to discuss the terms of insurance right now？

B: OK.

A: We have a deal on CIF price．It means that the insurance should be borne by you, right？

B: Certainly．The premium should be paid by us．All our export goods sold on CIF terms arc insured with the PICC．They provide many kinds of coverages of marine insurance, such as F．P．A．, W．P．A．, A．R．and so on.

A: What kind of coverage will you arrange for our order then？

B: Usually we']] only insure W．P．A．for this kind.

A: We hope you can cover the Packing Breakage Risk for us.

B: We can do that for you．But additional premium should be on your account.

A．We will pay that．So, please insure the consignment against W．P．A．and Packing Breakage Risk for 150% of invoice value.

B: I am sorry, we only can insure goods for 110% of the invoice value．For 150% , the extra premium will be borne by you.

A: Then we made a deal that we will insure this consignment against W．P．A．and Packing Breakage Risk for 150% of invoice value．Is there anything else about the insurance clause？

B: I don't think so.

____．

A.Passenger List

B.General Declaration

C.Cargo Declaration

D.Ship's Stores Declaration

an exploration of the opportunities which its products have in the markets to which it wishes to export. The exporter may have in-house experts or he may consult other marketing experts. He may visit the overseas markets himself or send out representatives. He may receive direct inquiries from importing enterprises abroad. He may also have been contacted by overseas customers who have read his advertisements in the home or overseas press or may have obtained his address by other means.

However, it is very rare that an exporter can sell his products directly to his remote overseas customers. It is impossible for the exporter to go to every country to find out whether his products can sell in a particular market. Therefore, market research is useful both for the newly established trading companies to open business relations with overseas customers, and for the established exporters who have regular customers to expand their business.

First of all, the exporter should use trade statistics published by most countries to narrow down the scope of his research. Important information sources include: the national trade statistics which indicate the number of wholesalers, retailers and other kinds of marketing intermediaries(classified information according to the type of products) , trade journals and directories and international organizations such as International Chamber of Commerce, and China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.

After carefully considering the above information sources, the exporter will find out what countries are now importing his type of products and from what sources. He can judge the amount of business and the rate of growth or decline. Then he may choose a number of target markets.

Secondly, the exporter must bear in mind the cultural and social backgrounds of his target market, such as language, religion and local people's aesthetical viewpoints, etc. Since all these elements influence people's consumption pattems, a deep understanding of them will help the exporter to predict the changes and follow the new market trend.

Thirdly, the exporter must know the relevant government policies: What kinds of products are limited or restricted in import activities？ Are they restricted because of shortage of foreign currency, tendency to protect national industries or sanitation demand？ What kind of goods does the government levy high tax against？

Fourthly, geography may influence profoundly on the distribution of goods and the development of sales channel in a country. Temperature, altitude and humidity extremes may affect the proper functioning of some equipments. Products which function well in temperate zones do not always perform well in tropical areas. With regard to products like timber, food and paper, the amount of water absorption in transit can be very influential.

Finally, the exporter must take into account the political risk-whether there are military clashed, distribution systems-whether seaports, railroads and roads are available. Moreover, the exporter must know the local legal system since no single, uniform international commercial law governing exporting transactions exists.

Questions for reading :

everyday products such as beverage containers, toys, and furniture.The widespread use of plastics demands proper disposal of plastic waste.Plastics make up almost 13 percent of the urban solid waste stream, a dramaticincrease from 1960, when plastics were less than one percent of the wastestream. The largest category of plastics are found in containers and packaging(e.g. soft drink bottles, lids, shampoo bottles), but they are also found indurable (e.g. appliances, furniture) and nondurable goods (e.g. diapers, trashbags, utensils, and medical devices）. The recycling rate for different types ofplastics varies greatly, resulting in an overall plastic recycling rate of only8 percent, or 2.7 million tons in 2011.

Currently, the UShas the capacity to recycle plastics at a greater rate as a latest technologyhas come into being that helps in converting plastic waste disposal intoa good source of green fuel. A new process for turning plastics into fuel wasinvented. First, many different kinds of unwashed plastics are melted together.Then a special chemical is used to turn the fluid into a vapor（蒸汽）. Thisreduces the plastic to its most basic elements to make it have a high fuelvalue. It is tested that 86 percent of what goes in comes out as fuel. And 8percent of the recycled plastic is used to run the system. This technology willreduce the country’s dependence on foreign oil and theamount of plastic waste in its landfills（垃圾填埋场）．

Scientists sayplastic-to-oil technology is still new and developing. They say it is not yetknown if the process is environmentally friendly. And some question whetherturning plastics into oil can even be considered “recycling”.Carson Max is with the publication Resource Recycling, a magazine that reportson the plastic recycling industry. He says because there is a lot of plasticwaste and a great demand for oil, the recycling technology may create greatchanges in both industries. “So they’re getting value from something that would otherwise go to thelandfill, things that wouldn’t be accepted into a recycler.”

26. According to the article, the great increase in use ofplastic goods requires_______.

A. richer source of green fuel

B. more categories of durable plastics

C. faster development of plastic products

D. more efficient disposal of plastic waste

27. The word “converting” inParagraph 2 most probably means “_______”．

A. coloring

B. inventing

C. consuming

D. transforming

28. What will the plastic-to-oil technology result in？

A. Less dependence on imported oil

B. Increase in plastic waste

C. Production of more plastic goods

D.Disappearance of landfills

29. What is Carson Max’s attitude towards the plastic-to-oiltechnology？

A. Positive

B. Negative

C. Critical

D. Indifferent

30. What is the passage mainly about？

A. The important function of plastics in everyday life

B. The new technology of plastic waste disposal

C. The development of plastics industry

D. The categories of plastics

A.销售活动 Sales activity

B.存储活动 storage activity

C.加工活动 processing activity

D.其他活动other activities