（）through that bitter period without your generous help.

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

Low-salt foods may be harderfor some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn StateCollege of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates thatgenetic factors influ-ence some of the difference in the levels of salt we liketo eat.

Those conclusions areimportant because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content infood have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not tasteas good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistantprofessor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.

Diets high in salt canincrease the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public healthexperts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lowersalt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increasesunderstanding of salt preference and con-sumption.

The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips,on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42women, re-portedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 t0 40 years. The sample wascomposed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intakeand did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

"Most of us like thetaste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they likethe taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block otherunpleasant tastes in food. " said Hayes. "Supertasters, people whoexperience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snackfoods have saltiness as. their primary flavor, and at least for these foods,more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "

However, supertasters alsoneed higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such ascheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairyflavors from fermen- ted milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that areblocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheeseunpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced. "

Hayes cited research donemore than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. Asa result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as varia- tions in eye and hair color.

"Some people, calledsupertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, whileothers, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless oronly weakly bitter. " he said. "Response to bitter compounds is oneof many ways to identify biological differences in food preference becausesupertast-ing is not limited to bitterness. "

John Hayes points out in a recent study that______

A.it is healthy to eat food without salt

B.many people reject low-salt food completely

C.food with less salt tastes better

D.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly

Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a- 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a--- 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and ve__ . The different shapes of the containers 28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They --may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn’t become a 33food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as35material for beer brewing.

s an annual occasion to show thanks to God for his goodness.

As a historical, national and religious holiday, Thanksgiving Day began with the English in Plymouth Colony. As far back as 1621, after a long bitter winter and the gathering of the first harvest, these early settlers shared a feast with the local Indians and offered prayers of thanksgiving. The first national Thanksgiving Day was proclaimed(颁布) by President Washington on November 26,1789. President Lincoln revived the custom in1863.

It was not until 1941 that the U.S. Congress adopted a resolution(决定), setting the fourth Thursday of November as an annual Thanksgiving Day. Thus what began as a religious celebration of the harvest has since become a nationwide holiday.

Now Thanksgiving Day is usually a family day, celebrated with a traditional turkey dinner and a happy reunion. Schools are closed on Thanksgiving Day and the day after. Many people, including students studying in another state, often travel long distances to spend the holiday at home.

1、The passage is mainly about how Thanksgiving Day came into being.()

2、Thanksgiving Day was first celebrated in 1621 by English settlers of the Plymouth Colony.()

3、President Washington set Thursday, November 26, 1789 as the First National Thanksgiving Day.()

4、Since 1863, the fourth Thursday of November has been set as an annual Thanksgiving Day, a nationwide holiday. ()

5、The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has not changed through the years. The basic traditional food on Thanksgiving Day is roast turkey.()

t a lot of time in airport lounges, where he'd often set aside the latest deal calculations in favor Of a good mystery fiction read. So when he retired in 1998 after 25 years as a dealmaker, instead of joining legions of ex-bankers on extended vacations in exotic locales, yon Hurter committed himself and some hard-earned capital to his next business venture: He launched London-based Bitter Lemon Press, a publishing company Specializing in reprinting in English mystery novels he'd grown to love.

These are not the usual hard-boiled Raymond Chandler imitations found in some bookstores and at airport lounges. The works, written originally in German, French, Spanish and Italian, offer social criticism and a slice of culture with the who-done-it, according to Von Hurter, who likened some of Bitter Lemon's titles to travel fiction. The books, translated into English for the first time, take readers to locales like Mexico City, Munich and Havana. "I'd always go to bookstores in countries where I can read" the language, 58-year old yon Hurter told Reuters while in New York this month to promote the company. In fact, he admits to making sure that, whenever possible, his U.S. flights went through Minneapolis, which has one of his favorite second-hand bookstores.

Von Hurter, born and raised in Geneva, Switzerland, and a graduate of University of Pennsylvania's Wharton business school, is not the only Wall Street veteran financing Bitter Lemon Press. His brother Frederic yon Hurter, a former commodities trader at Cargill, the Minneapolis food giant, and Laurence Colchester, a former economist at Citibank, are partners. Though the trio speaks French, Greek, German and Italian, they employ translators to bring the books to life in English.

Francois von Hurter would not detail how much of the groups's own money they put into Bitter Lemon. Bitter Lemon has published six books in Britain and has plans for five titles in the next six months or so as part of its launch in the United States. One such title, "Thumbprint", is a mystery written by Friedrich Glauser, who was born in Vienna in 1896 and has been referred to as a Swiss Simenon--a reference to the noted Belgian mystery writer known for his French detective Maigret. "Thumbprint", translated from German, has been one of the Bitter Lemon's most popular books, selling 5,000 copies. Other Bitter Lemon titles include Gunter Ohnemus' "The Russian Passenger", the story of a cab driver who gets entangled with the Russian Mafia that has been translated from German, and "The Snowman" by Jorg Fauser, a German author born in 1944 who died in 1987. "Fauser was one of the romantic heroes of post-war German literature, a friend of Charles Bukowski ... he is now being rediscovered," news magazine Der Spiegel noted in July, responding to a biography of Fauser published this summer.

As a banker for First Boston, known today as Credit Suisse First Boston, and Morgan Stanley, Francois von Hurter worked not only in New York but London and Saudi Arabia. Among other deals, he had a hand in Seagram Co Ltd.'s purchase of MCA Inc. and Coca-Cola Co.'s purchase of Columbia Pictures. And white the players are different, book publishing has some similarities to Wall Street's merger business. Like a company put up for sale, a book needs a specific market and needs to have potential for growth. "You have to put together a business plan ... negotiate with suppliers like printers, a sales force and distributors. You need to apply the same marketing savvy to decide how to position the book," he said.

What is different about this latest venture, though, is that the hours spent in the office seem to race by much more rapidly. "In a way, the hardest part of the second career, is that it creates such enthusiasm that you tend never to turn off," he said. "The line be

A．English mystery novels written by London-based writers.

B．Mystery novels which offer social criticism and a slice of culture, written originally not in English.

C．Travel fiction which take readers to locales like Mexico City, Munich and Havana.

D．Hard-boiled mystery novels translated into English for the first time.

ed A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

He has been proclaimed “the finest mind alive”, “the greatest genius of the late 20th century”, and “Einstein’s heir (继承人)”. Known to millions, ___46__, for his book A brief History of Time (《时间简史》), Stephen Hawking is a star scientist in more ways than one. His gift ___47___ revealing the mysteries of the universe in a style. that non-scientists can enjoy ___48___ Hawking an instant celebrity (名人) and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. It has ___49___ in the Guinness Book of Records for spending 184 weeks in The Sunday Times “top-ten” lists, and has sold more than five million copies worldwide --- virtually unheard – of success for a science book.

How did all this happen？ How has a man ___50___ is almost completely paralysed (瘫痪) and unable to speak ___51__ through a computer overcome these ___52___ obstacles and achieved far more than most people ever dream of？

Hawking says: “I soon realized that the rest of the world won’t want to know you if you’re bitter or angry. You have to be ___53__ if you’re to get much sympathy or help.” He goes on: “Nowadays, muscle power is obsolete (无用). What we need ___54___ mind power --- and disabled people are ___55___ good at that ___55__anyone else.” (2005 words)

46. A. far and wide B. by far C. far and away D. so far

47. A. of B. to C. for D. at

48. A. is made B. has been made C. was made D. made

49. A. earned a place B. achieved a fame C. made a name D.gained reputation

50. A. whose B. who C. where D. which

51. A. besides B. despite C. except D. aside from

52. A. difficult B. incredible C. very D. surprising

53. A. negative B. positive C. sensitive D. aggressive

54. A. is B. is to C. are D. are to

55. A. not so…as B. as…as C. the same…as D. so…than

求翻译，谢谢！

A.salty

B.bitter

C.sweet

Whipping the bitter end of a fiber rope ______．

A.increases the circumference of the rope

B.makes for easier handling

C.prevents fraying of the bitter end

D.prevents moisture from entering the bitter end

A.Generic

B.Elerage

C.Bitter

D.Distill