Fast food began firstly in _____.

ld. They opened a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main food there. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, "McDonald's", and they were an instant success. He later took over the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful "fast-food" in America and the world. Why was his idea so successful？ Probably the most important reason was that this timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. In the 1960s, many women returned to the workplace. This meant they had less time and energy to do housework and preparation of meals, so they relied more on "TV dinners" and fast-food restaurant. Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.

Fast-food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another trend of the 1960s, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement influenced many people to avoid food that was packaged or processed(处理). This preference for natural food continued to this day.

From the success of Raymond Kroc’s fast-food business, we can say that social economic trends influence where and what we eat.

1.The main idea of the reading is that ().

A、Raymond Kroc is the most successful fast-food business owner in the world

B、social and economic changes affect eating habits

C、fast-food is easy to prepare and serve quickly

D、Americans eat either fast food or natural food

2.Why was McDonald''s idea so successful？ It was mainly because ().

A、people living alone depend on fast food

B、single parents have little time to spend in the kitchen

C、many women returned to the workplace in 1960s

D、his timing was right

3.Americans had the "movements"().

A、in 1955

B、in 1950s

C、in 1960s

D、both in 1950s and 1960s

4."Cooking for one is more trouble than it is worth" means ().

A、cooking for several people is worth more money

B、it is not necessary to take too much time to cook for one person

C、there are more problems when one person cooks

D、there are a lot of housework and preparation to do when one person cooks

5.An idea implied but not directly stated (陈述) in the reading is that ().

A、many married women began to work in the 1960s

B、natural foods are still popular today

C、fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans

D、divorce causes people to change their eating habits

The American population was the tallest in the world from about the American Revolution to World WarⅡ—that’s a long time.The U.S.had a very resource rich environment, with game, fish and wildlife. In fact we have data on disadvantaged people in America,such as slaves.They were obviously among the most mistreated populations in the world, but given the resource abundance，and given the fact that the slave owners needed their work,they had to be fed relatively decently. So the slaves were taller than European peasants. It’s no wonder that Europeans were just flooding to America.

Americans today are no longer the tallest people in the world.After World WarⅡ，many Western and Northern European countries began to adopt favorable social policies.There is universal health insurance in most of these societies—that,of course，makes a difference in health care.You can also consider income inequality in the U.S., since people who are at the low end of the totem pole(图腾柱)have considerable adversity making ends meet.I suspect the difference in height between Americans and Europeans is due to both diet and health care.

Americans today suffer from an additional problem:obesity.If children are too well nourished，then they’ re not able to grow optimally.There are certain hormones that control the start of the adolescent growth and the start of adolescence.Nutrition is one of the factors，along with genetic and hormonal ones which are associated with the start of puberty(青春期).And if puberty comes too early，then the youth will peak out sooner,and will not become as tall in adulthood as someone who had better nutrition.Also,the overload of carbohydrates and fats in a fast food diet may hinder the consumption of micro nutrients essential to growth.

1.The word "game" in(line 2，para.1)refers to.

(A). animals hunted for food

(B). rich natural resources

(C). activities played by kids

(D). sports events to be held

2.Slaves in America were taller than European peasants because.

(A). they were badly treated

(B). they did not do farm work

(C). they had sufficient food to eat

(D). they enjoyed better health care

3. It is implied in the second paragraph that.

(A). Europeans could make more money than Americans

(B). average Americans used to be shorter than Europeans

(C). welfare helps Europeans grow taller than Americans

(D). people on the totem pole are leading a comfortable life

4. According to the third paragraph,overweight children in the U.S..

A. tend to have better nutrition for growth

B. tend to eat more food to grow taller

C. will grow taller than average children

D. will fail to grow into an ideal height

5. Eating too much fast food may affect.

(A). the absorption of micronutrients

(B). the intake of carbohydrates

(C). the consumption of hormones

(D). the digestion of fats

tment to another，from a PTA(Parent-Teacher Association)meeting to a social planning committee.

They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate(精致的，复杂的)everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and committees force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper.

When they do have the chance to eat at home，often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals that can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder，therefore，that America has become a shelter for fast food consumption.

This great transformation occurred after World War Ⅱ when many women began to work full time and spend less time at home with their families. Women，however，wanted to function well in the capacity of homemaker，as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity(商品)which had to be carefully used.

Therefore，it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television. Television became the latest fashion in the 1950s and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite programs. And then. the place for supper shifted from the dining room to the living room.

As the customs changed，so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were divided into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven(锅)and prepared within minutes. The tin trays(托盘)in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner Was consumed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards Was no problem. The fin trays were easily thrown into the garbage. From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. Love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald's paved the way with its variety of burgers and cold drinks soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain stores can be found along highways，in modem shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell，Pizza Hut，Roy Roger's，Burger King and Wendy's ale just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture. They offer chicken，donuts，tacos and pizza，all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modem lifestyles and diet of the American people.

In America，the whole family seldom have dinner together at home because______.

A．they have so many social activities

B．they have a lot of meetings to attend

C．they rush from one appointment to another

D．they often move from one place to another

A.popular,fast

B.popularity,rapidly

C.popular,fast

D.popularity,fast

They resort ______ fast food which is fatty and contains high amount of cholesterol.

A、with

B、at

C、on

D、to

．Why do Americans like to go to fast food restaurants？

A．It is because fast food restaurants are fast，informal，and inexpensive．

B．It is because people can easily find fast food restaurants．

C．It is because people like to eat hamburgers．

D．It is because fast food restaurants sell nearly every kind of food．

es that can cause health problems. ()

.()

Many people blame the fast food industry for its unhealthy food offered.()