Why are children so easily ________ by what their friends do, think, or say？A. effecte

A．Because their children don’t have many friends．

B．Because they have leisure time and enough time

C．Because they are influenced by animal stories．

D．Because they regard pets as their children．

A．Because they the stones were very beautiful．

B．Because their children liked the stones very much．

C．Because the shining stones were a representative of their culture

D．Because Yahoos use them as money to pay for things．

self,and partly in the behavior. of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,with the rightpronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure.

Why So Many Children

In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia， the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate——from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman. The majority of these women are poor， without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have so many children？ Why don"t they limit the size of their fami-lies？ The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this.

One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy， large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy， the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; instead， they are an expense. Thus， industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy， which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century， Italy was a poor， largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ， Italy"s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century. the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman， the world"s lowest.

However， the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Ara-bia， for example， does not have an agriculture-based economy， and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless， it also has a very high birth rate （7.0）. Mexico and Indonesia， on the other hand， are poor countries， with largely agricultural economies， but they have recently reduced their population growth.

Clearly， other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There， the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand， the improyed condition of women in Mexico， Thailand， and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and oppor-tunities for women.

Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive， birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore， Sri Lanka， and India， as well as in Indonesia， Thailand， Mexico， and Brazil. In these countries， women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.

These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then， in fact， does it have any real chance of success.

In a traditional agricultural economy， a large family __________. 查看材料

A.can be an advantage

B.may limit income

C.isn"t necessary

D.is expensive

king dogs It is still true that a dog isthe most useful and faithful anumal in the world .But the reason why people keep a dog have changed.

In the old day, people used to train dogs to protet themselve against atakas by other beasts And later. they came to realize that the doeg was not only useful for protection but willing to obey his master .For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what was caught without permisson Bot now people in tbe city need not protect themselves against atacks of an animal.

Why do they keep dogs. then？ Some people keep dogs to protet themselves from robbery, but the most important reason for companionship For a child, a dog his best frend when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children For old couples. a dog is also thei child when their real children have grown up So the many reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship，

1.It is true that a dog is the most important animal in the world.

A T

B F

s. Boys and girls have nearly two months' holidays before them. They leave school by bus and train to go back home, to meet their fathers and mothers.

The summer holidays are the best time of the year in England for ___21___ children. The weather is usually so good that they can spend most of their time playing in the garden, or playing in the forests and fields if they live in the ___22___. If they live in big towns, they can usually go to parks to play.

In England, not only can the rich people take their children to the seaside. If a factory worker or a bus driver, a street cleaner or a farmer ___23___ to take his wife and children there, he can usually does this like them.

Why do people like so much at the seaside？ It's the sea, the sand and the sun. Of course, there are a lot of new things to see, nice thing to eat and exciting things to do. And there are also the feeling of sand under one's feet, of sea water to one's skin, and the warm sun on one's back. Everybody can enjoy himself at the seaside.

But when ___24___ comes, the summer holidays are over. Boys and girls ___25___ have a new school year. They will come back to their school again.

21)、

A.countries

B.September

C.will

D.wants

E.most

22)、

A.countries

B.September

C.will

D.wants

E.most

23)、

A.countries

B.September

C.will

D.wants

E.most

24)、

A.countries

B.September

C.will

D.wants

E.most

25)、

A.countries

B.September

C.will

D.wants

E.most

to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.

Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child’s hastily making table as ―Perfect! even though it couldn’t stand on uneven legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.

The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time —and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll or the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick comfort prize or say, ―It doesn’t matter because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment —and be helped to master it.

Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you can learn to use it. Step one is to ask ―Why did I fail？ Control the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. Second, is the goal you’re to reach the right one？ Think about this question. ―If you dosucceed in this, where will it get me？ This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn’t be doing anyhow. The third thing to keep in mind about failure is that it’s part of life. Learn to ―live with yourself even though you may have failed. Remember, ―You can’t win themall.

(1) The main idea of this passage is ().

A、why people are afraid of failure

B、the trouble with failure prevention methods

C、how to deal with failure

D、both A and C

(2) According to the passage, which of the following is not true？

A、Most parents think failure may hurt their children.

B、Most parents do not want their children know they have failed.

C、A mother describes her child’s work ―perfect because she didn’t want to hurt him.

D、If a child fails a subject, he should blame his teacher.

(3) According to the writer, ().

A、parents should tell their children to think nothing of not being chosen into a baseball team

B、children should be encouraged to get rid of disappointment all by themselves

C、parents should judge what their children have done as it is

D、children should learn to enjoy a game that they won’t win

(4) The last paragraph tells us ().

A、there are three methods to deal with failure

B、there are some methods to deal with failure

C、failure is not enjoyable

D、failure is part of life

(5) ―Live with yourself in the last line may mean ().

A、to tolerate yourself when you fail

B、to face failures all by yourself

C、to live in a house alone

D、to support yourself when you fail

o longer believe they can sing songs. Little children have【C1】______got the impression that the definition of song is "what you hear【C2】______singing on the radio". And when teachers try to【C3】______these children they【C4】______sing, the kids just don't see the point. Why should they struggle to perform. a【C5】______version that only their mothers could possibly love？ It's so much easier to buy a CD and hear someone do it really well! Their logic is hard to argue【C6】______--and it's a direct result of our society's【C7】______with competence. Pleasure is no longer the aim of our【C8】______activities; in fact no one even sees any thing pleasant【C9】______doing something less than perfectly well. This is crazy. And it's【C10】______a terrible toll. Not only【C11】______depriving ourselves of creative satisfaction and【C12】______our children from finding joy in【C13】______they can do themselves--we're also destroying our artists. In a world【C14】______we expect all our art to be supplied【C15】______highly competent professionals, the pressure on the professionals becomes too great to bear.【C16】______the number of musicians and artists who suffer from drug addiction, alcoholism, or even commit suicide because of the pressure of keeping【C17】______our demands for more and better music, art, books and movies to enjoy in our【C18】______time. We are【C19】______our artists with our refusal to entertain【C20】______ourselves in our own incompetent ways.

【C1】

A．in some way

B．in some ways

C．somehow

D．somewhat

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Mothers have known it for years. Give the children a hamburger, and they will love it; spend hours making a home-cooked meal, and they will leave it on the plate. Now French scientists have discovered why. According to researchers near Paris, the brain does not respond well to

unfamiliar tastes. Sensations are not as strong when the mind is struggling to understand messages that come from the tongue. This provides little reason to taste new things.

Human beings are naturally like rats – we are afraid of anything new. If you give rats some food that they have never had before, they will turn their backs on it out of fear. We are the same. It is possible to introduce new foods, but only in the right psychological context, like a birthday. Once the introduction has been made, the fact of having a full stomach

is physically pleasing, so the next time it is easier. However, some foods are more tempting than others. Scientists are sure that we are born with a sweet tooth. This is why children have a natural desire for sugar. Another discovery is how a sense of smell affects our appetite. In one experiment, chemical substances were put on the tongues of human participants. At the same time, air was blown down the participants’noses so they could not smell the chemical substances. As a result, no two people got the same sensation from the same food. Physical,

psychological, and cultural differences shaped the response.

The intensity of feelings about food depends upon knowledge of it. The average student who eats a new dish will have only a cloudy image of it, but for some people whose tongues are trained to appreciate fine differences, they’ll have an exciting experience, much like someone who has a great musical ear. This is why someone who eats hamburgers everyday likes them and becomes a hamburger expert. They can tell the difference between a Big Mac and a Burger King, just like the Japanese can tell the difference between varieties of rice that taste the same to Europeans.

51)Why do children prefer a hamburger to a home-cooked meal？

A . The person doesn’t get the instruction from the brain.

B . The brain doesn’t respond well to unfamiliar tastes.

C . The food made at home is not tasty.

D . Children prefer food that is easy to make.

52)On what occasion are people willing to try new food？

A . When they are happy.

B . When they are hungry.

C . When they have already eaten.

D . When they eat with friends.

53)What causes people to like certain foods but not others？

A . The fact whether they have a sweet tooth.

B . The way how the food is cooked.

C . The differences in people who eat food.

D . The color people see of the food.

54)Why can some people appreciate the fine differences in food？

A . They like to try different kinds of food.

B . They have an ear of music.

C . They don’t eat a lot of food.

D . They know a lot about food.

55)What is an appropriate title for the passage？

A . Why People Don’t Like Unfamiliar Food

B . The Brain That Plays a Role in Our Eating Habit

C . The Factors That Affect People’s Eating Habit

D . The Reasons Why People Can Tell Differences in Food

Friends or contemporaries（同龄人)are a great influence on the actions，thoughts，and wor

ds of young people. This influence，known as peer pressure，is quite common among children. Why are children so easily affected by what their peers do，think，or say？ Most of us，children included，feel a strong need to be liked by others. We seek acceptance and friendship. In order to gain them，we act like our friends，and listen to their advice，whether or not it is helpful. Some of us even begin to think like our friends，sometimes at the expense of our own beliefs and values. An example that comes to mind is the young person who gets involved with drugs because his peer group is experimenting with them. Parents may try to exert pressure to keep him away from drugs，but frequently peer pressure is too great. This conflict between being your own person and，at the same time，responding to the pressures of a group remains a problem for young people.

1、The passage mainly talks about ().

A、friendship

B、peer pressure

C、conflicts between young people and their parents

D、problems for young people

2、In the third sentence of the second paragraph，“them”refers to().

A、children

B、strong needs to be liked by others

C、acceptance and friendship

D、our friends’ advice

3、“being your own person”in the last sentence most probably means ().

A、acting according to your own beliefs and values

B、trying not to tell any lie

C、keeping yourself away from drugs

D、having enough self-confidence

4、The second paragraph focuses on ().

A、what peer pressure is

B、how young people start to take drugs

C、what parents should do for their children

D、why young people are easily influenced by their peers

5、Who can influence us on the actions， thoughts？()

A、teacher

B、father

C、mother

D、friends and contemporaries