The greatest change has been in the lives of women.During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the time of woman's life spent in caring for children.A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties,and would be likely to have seven or eight children,of whom four or five lived till they were five years ol[D)By the time the youngest was fifteen,the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years,during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work.Today women marry younger and have fewer children.Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty years and is likely to take paid work until retirement,at sixty.Even while she has the care of children,her work is lightened by modem living conditions.This important change in women's life pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position.Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first chance,and most of them took a full time job.However, when they married,they usually left work at once and never returned to it.Today the school-leaving age is sixteen.Many girls stay at school after that age,and though women usually marry younger,more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born.And many more afterwards return to fuller part-time job.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage,with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life,and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money,and running the house,according to the abilities and interests of each of them.1.According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married（）.A.at about twenty-fiveB.in ther early ftlesC.as soon as possible ater they were feenD.at any age from fiten to frty-five2.We are told that in a common family in 1890s（）.A. seven or eight children lived to be more man fiveB.many children died before they were fiveC.the youngest children would be feenD.four or five children died when they were five3.When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth century mother（）.A.would be healthy enough to take paid jobsB.was usually expected to die fairly soonC.was unlikely to find a job if she wanted oneD.would expect to work tll she died4.According to the passage, the women of today usully（）.A.marry instead of getting paid workB.marry before they are twenty-fiveC.have more children under fifeenD.have too few children5.The best title for this passage is（）.A Women' sLifeB.The Change of Women's lifeC.Women's MarriageD.Women's New Life

The study from the Teacher Training College in Bilbao Spain shows that______.

A．some people were much wiser when they were young

B．climate change is a subject that affects every member of human society

C．climate change is the greatest hoax to people from all over the world

D．people pay less attention to the environment when they become older

Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an 26 _eternal____ concept. It’s not at all like the killing of individuals lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27 _diminishing____ numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedies by some supernatural power. IT is rather an 28 __absolute____ and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations 29___succeed__ us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.

Not only are we bring about the extinction of life 30 _on a vast scale___, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. 31__As regards___ basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being 32_used up____ in a frenzy(疯狂) of processing, consuming , and 33_disposing____, but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial(地球上的) life depends.

The change that is taking place on earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural 34__modification______, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of 35__magnitude___

ongoing struggle against【2】and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle【3】as an upward movement is【4】toward ever more justice and opportunity.

Technology in and of【5】is not at fault; it's much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics【6】been the enemy of an【7】group of people. A certain machine is put【8】work in a certain way—the purpose【9】which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to【10】a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,【11】the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization【12】the Renaissance.

Mastery of technology is second only【13】money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by【14】this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have【15】it, blacks are allowing.【16】to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be【17】from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs【18】ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.

And blacks must change as well. The ways that【19】their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks【20】to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.

(1)

A．like

B．as

C．for

D．with

m, which is dark by day and pale by night.The crab's changing color follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun.

Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun's rays, changing color according to the amount of light that strikes it？ To find the reason out, biologists kept crabs fo a dark room for two months.Even without daylight the crab's skin color continued to change exactly on time.

This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies.After millions of years it has become completely regulated inside the living body of the crab.

The biologists noticed that once each day the color of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before.From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides.The crab's period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught!

21.The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color ().

A.in a regular 24-hour rhythm

B.in answer to the sun's rays

C.at low tide

D.every fifty minutes

22.The crab's changing color ().

A.tells the crab what time it is

B.protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies

C.keeps the crab warm

D.is of no real use

23.When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they ().

A.did not change color

B.changed color more quickly

C.changed color more slowly

D.changed color on the same timetable

24.The crab's color-changing ability was probably developed ().

A.in the process of evolution

B.over millions of years

C.by the work of biologists

D.both A and B

25.The best title for this selection would be ().

A.The Sun and the Tides

B.Discoveries in Biology

C.A Scientific Study

D.A Living Clock

ether 10mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, Cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods (1). time/times/period

Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature (2). __/__

as a school subject are valid for^ study of television. (3).the ______

latest figures from the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service show that well over one million immigrants are now arriving in America every year. This is highest number of 1. _________

newcomers to the United States since the mass migration of Europeans in 2. _________

the turn of the century. The new immigrants no longer come main from 3. _________

Europe. According to the official government estimate, the greatest source of immigrants to America is now Asia, followed by Latin America. Forty-two percents of the new immigrants come from Asia 4. _________

while 39 percent come from Latin America. Only 13 percent of the recent immigration to America is now from Europe. Although the United States now accepts twice as many foreigners as all other nations combined, but Congress is. studying several proposals to limit 5. _________

immigration, include a new ceiling of about 450,000 immigrants a year. 6. _________

It is little clear that Congress will do about the problem of illegal 7. _________

immigrants. As estimated 500,000 to one million persons enter the United States illegally every year. Several congressmen have introduced legislation that would make it legal for employers to knowingly hire an 8. _________

illegal alien. A company would face a heavy fine if convicted of hiring a person with proper papers. Many business groups and civil rights leaders 9. _________

oppose this proposal because they fear it would lead. to wholesale discrimination in Hispanics and other recent immigrants. 10. _________

hat social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.

Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chemobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on oar lives deserves a closer examination.

Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.

In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it ______.

A．can be of use to both man and animal

B．is utilized by man

C．serves different purposes equally well

D．is used both as a cultural and a physical object

the English language.

After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style. of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English.Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English.

English has had a strong association with class and social status.However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.

As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English.Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or the fashions have passed.This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and in specific circumstances.

By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich.The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of class lessness.

The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English.Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.

In the 1970s, fashion favoured stressless pronunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and “in” words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world.What is considered modern and fashionable in Britain today is often not the kind of English taught in schools and colleges.

1.Which one of the following is NOT true？

A.The use of the English language has not changed much in this century.

B.The BBS announcers speak Standard English.

C.English has no association with class and social status now.

D.Young people all speak English in the same way.

2.What does the author imply by saying “there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery” (Para.3)？

A.People all speak English like BBC announcers.

B.There is a great change of attitude about how English should be spoken.

C.Some people still think their way of speaking is inferior.

D.Most people don’t believe their way of speaking is inferior.

3.According to the author, there was a trend in the U.S.for the young people _________.

A.to speak Standard English.

B.to speak English without class distinction

C.to speak English with class distinction

D.to speak English with grammar mistakes

4.The word “mid-Atlantic” in the passage (Para.6) probably means _________.

A.American and European

B.American and British

C.the Atlantic Ocean

D.in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

5.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

A.Standard English is taught in school and colleges

B.the young people are defiant because they refuse to speak standard English

C.English language is influenced by American English in the last 25 years

D.there has been a great change in the English language in this century

阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容判断文章后的句子是正确(T)还是错误(F)。

MANAGING ONESELF

We live in an age full of opportunitiesA、If you are smart enough, and have got ambition and keep pushing forward, you can rise to the top of your chosen profession, no matter where you started out.

But with opportunity comes responsibility. Companies today aren't managing their employees' careers. Professional workers must be their own chief executive officers (CEO). It's up to you to strive for your place, to keep yourself engaged and productive during a working life that may last around 50 years. To do those things well, you'll need to have a deep understanding of yourself — not only what your strengths and weaknesses are, but also how you learn, how you work with others, what your values are, and where you can make the greatest contribution, because only when you operate from strength can you achieve true excellence.

History's great achievers — Napoléon, da Vinci, and Mozart — have always managed themselves. But they are so unusual both in their talents and in their accomplishments as to be considered rare exceptions. Now, most of us, even those of us with modest talents, will have to learn to manage ourselves. We will have to learn to develop ourselves. We will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contribution. And we will have to stay mentally alert and engaged during a 50-year working life, which means knowing how and when to change the work we do.

操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”;句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。

1. Companies today are responsible for employee's career. {T; F}

2. It is the CEO who decides your place. {T; F}

3. You need to understand your company well so that you can do things well. {T; F}

4. Understanding yourself means knowing well about your strengths, weaknesses, your values, how you learn, how you do with others and so on. {T; F}

5. Ordinary people cannot manage themselves well. {T; F}