A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The __11___fo

A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The __11___for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is __12__ in the way of accomplishing them.

Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does__ 13__ decisions. Indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. _ 14_ managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they_ 15_ possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to _ 16__. But since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are__ 17 __; at other times they are serious.

People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. _18_ from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far _ 19_ the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of_ 20_ decisions.

11、

A. aim

B. effort

C. example

D. reason

12、

A. preceding

B. turning

C. spoiling

D. standing

13、

A. changes

B. achieves

C. involves

D. makes

14、

A. Since

B. Although

C. Unless

D. Until

15、

A. must consider

B. will consider

C. considered

D. consider

16、

A. chance

B. future

C. reality

D. action

17、

A. obvious

B. desirable

C. slight

D. natural

18、

A. Still

B. Then

C. But

D. Hence

19、

A. over

B. into

C. beyond

D. above

20、

A. current

B. common

C. conservative

D. casual