If a person or organization is the top dog, they are the most successful or powerful o

izes it as _______ .

A novel B remote C distant D foreign

is not to produce people. Through "therapeutic"(治疗的)cloning, scientists would create embryos to harvest stem cells, which may hold the key to treating a wide range of disease. But like most passionate debates, the real issue 一 commercialization 一 sits quietly in the background of the emotional chaos. The debate erupted across the industrially advanced world on January 22nd when Britain became the first European country to legalize the creation of cloned human embryos. Members of the European Parliament almost immediately expressed their shock and condemned the decision. Yet in many ways, the new law is a logical extension of rules dating back over a decade. Since 1990, UK researchers could create and use embryos for limited research purposes, namely to treat infertility and detect birth defects. The new law widens the field of study to include stem cells, which experts say could revolutionize medicine, offering the possibility of transplants to treat scores of illnesses from Parkinson's disease to diabetes (糖尿病).No one has yet applied for a license to perform. such experiments, according to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which will carefully screen each request. No other uses of cloning would be allowed and a new law has been promised to explicitly (明确地)ban reproductive cloning.

As expected, the most rigid opposition has come from the Catholic Church, which considers the embryo to be a living person from the moment of conception. Cloning aside, even research involving "spare" embryos (created for infertility treatments but not used. is condemned because it is morally wrong to use a person for the benefit of someone else. At the opposite end of the spectrum (范围)lie the hardcore utilitarians (功利主义)of science and business, who are generally astute (精明的)enough not to announce their politically incorrect views: namely that the embryo isjust another batch of cellular sludge (淤积;淤沉)that can and should be used like any other biological resource in the pursuit of medical research.

1.The purpose of therapeutic cloning is to.()

A.produce people

B.commercialize stem cells

C.treat various diseases

D.clone human embryo in Dolly

2.What triggered the debate across the industrial countries？()

A.The commercialization of cloned human embryos.

B.Legalizing the creation of cloned human embryos in Britain.

C.A theoretical flaw in the experiment of human embryos cloning.

D.The European Parliament's harsh criticism on the UK's decision.

3.In the 1990s the British researchers use embryos basically to.()

A.harvest stem cells

B.reform. the system of medical care

C.treat infertility and detect birth defects

D.study the possibility of organ transplants

4.The Catholic Church argue against human embryos cloning because.()

A.cloning creates spare embryos

B.it considers the embryo to be a living person

C.it may lead to reproductive cloning

D.it's morally wrong to use a person for the benefit of another one

5.The utilitarians of science and business think.()

A.human embryos cloning is a hard choice

B.it's politically incorrect to clone human embryos

C.the embryos should be used like any other biological resource

D.human embryos are important samples in the pursuit of medical research

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of organ transplantation？

A．The organ donor must be young enough.

B．The organ donor must be healthy enough.

C．The organ donated must deserve transplanting.

D．The organ donated must be removed from one body.

f two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain.

The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.

The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.

Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of “potential persons”. Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claming to provide enlightenment. When is this “potential” supposed to kick in？ In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.

The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness. Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.

第6题：Which of the following is true of Sony’s acquisition of Columbia Pictures？

［A］ It was motivated by Morita’s desire to project an image of success.

［B］ Sony’s top executives were quite convinced of its benefits for the company.

［C］ Entertainment industry insiders believed it was the failure of Hollywood.

［D］ It was the expensive expansion from electronics into entertainment.

The surgeons can ___an organ of another from different human（or animal) into the patie

nt.

A.insertion

B.inserting

C.insert

D.inserted

多器官功能障碍综合症(multiple organ dysfunction syn drome，MODS)

A.organized

B.organization

C.organizing

D.organ

器官移植(organ transplantation)

A、Organ

B、Painkiller

C、Dose

D、Germ