Why do scientists know black holes exist（).

一I went to a fashion show last night.

--- ____.

A. What was it like

B. Why not

C. Do you know him well

be able to put it to. For example, how do we learn language？ Man differs most from all the animals in his ability to learn and use language __2__ we still do not know exactly how this is done. Some children learn to speak and read and write when they are very young compared to __3__ children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying to find out __4__ there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children __5__ learning sooner.

1)、A.but

B.how

C.from

D.whether

E.average

2)、A.but

B.how

C.from

D.whether

E.average

3)、A.but

B.how

C.from

D.whether

E.average

4)、A.but

B.how

C.from

D.whether

E.average

5)、A.but

B.how

C.from

D.whether

E.average

rgy on earth than we can ever use. Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light. Energy from the sun is called solar energy. Anything to do with the sun is called "solar". The word began with the Roman word for the sun and their god of the sun, who was called Sol. Solar energy is a safe kind of energy. It doesn't make pollution or have dangerous leftovers. That is why scientists and investors are experimenting with ways of harnessing(治理利用)the sun to do some of the jobs fossil fuels have been doing. But to make the sun do work like that, they have to solve some problems. They have to collect the sun's energy. Collecting sunshine is not easy, unless you are a plant. Sunshine is not easy to store, either. You can't fill a tank with it or put it in the wood box. You can not move it through a pipe or a wire. You can not just turn it on. (4)、What are the problems facing scientists who want to use solar energy？

A、It is not easy to collect.

B、It is not easy to store.

C、It is not easy to find out.

D、both A and B.

s laugh and smile, only human beings. So does laughter help us to survive in any way？ The answer seems to be that smiling and laughter help us to relax, reducing tension and preventing illnesses which are caused by stress. Laughter really is the best medicine!

But if you're unhappy, it can't do you any good to smile, can it？ Not true. Apparently, the positive effects of smiling are just the same whether you feel like smiling or not. Scientists in California asked a group of actors to act five different feelings; happiness, sadness, anger, surprise and fear—just using their faces. Changes in their heart rate, blood pressure and temperature were written down. Most of the feelings they acted didn't cause changes, but when the actors smiled, their heart rate and their blood pressure went down. This happened to make them feel better.

A sense of humor also helps to keep things in perspective. Interfering friends or a flat tire won't seem quite so bad if you can see the funny side. So if you find yourself in a stressful situation, try to imagine how it must seem to an outsider with a sense of humor and let yourself laugh. A psychologist writes, " If people try to show a positive reaction instead of a negative one, this will eventually become part of their personality. If you start to laugh, in time you will actually become happier.

How do people differ from other animals？

be seen, but they are following the orders given to them by machines. The machines were designed by mad scientists, but at some point even the mad scientists were taken over by their super-inventions.

Does this sound familiar？ You have probably read something like it in magazines or books, or seen it in a film. Why is it so popular？ One of the reasons is that it reflects the fears of many people; fear of the unknown fear of what is not understood or, at least, fear of something that is not completely understood.

The fact is that every day it seems that computers take control of another area of our lives. Some

factory jobs are now done by robots and the robots are controlled by computers. Our bank accounts are managed by computers. At the airport, our tickets are sold by a computer. Certainly, many of these operations are made more

efficient by computers, but our admiration is sometimes mixed with unsafe feelings. And this lack of safety is caused by the fact that we do not know how computers do these things, and we really don't know what they might do next. But we can find out how computers work, and once we understand them, we can use computers instead of worrying about being used by them. Today, there is a new generation of computer wizards who know exactly how computers get things done. These young men and women, usually university students, are happy to sit for hours, sometimes for days, designing programs, not eating, not sleeping, but discovering what can be done by these wonderful slaves which they have learned to control. These computer wizards have learned to use the computer and search for new tasks for their machines.

(1)、According to the passage, our present world is under the control of ______ .

A：mad scientists

B：men and women

C：the unknown fear

D：some super-inventions

(2)、The reason why many people are afraid of computers is that ______ .

A：they don't know anything about computers

B：they haven't really understood computers

C：there are so many computer games

D：computers are often down

(3)、The author mentions computer wizards in order to point out that ______ .

A：computers can be controlled by man

B：there should be more people devoted to computers

C：only young people are interested in computers

D：more time and energy is required to control computers

(4)、This passage is probably written to suggest that ______ .

A：some day computers can deal with all human problems

B：computers can be used in place of traveling to our jobs

C：people should not fear computers

D：computer technology will not meet people's needs in various situations

(5)、The author's attitude towards widely used computers is __.

A：positive

B：anxious

C：worried

D：serious

The critical issue facing the scientists is to _____.

［A］ apply the newly-found knowledge to the benefit of mankind

［B］ end their horse race for the success of science

［C］ get down to their genome research

［D］ set their differences aside

is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as nature/nurture .

Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patter, ns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

According to the passage, people have wondered for a long time

A. why one is different from another

B. how one has certain personalities and behaviors

C. why one is more intelligent than another

D. why one is cooperative and another is competitive

Text 3

Thirty- two people watched Kitty' Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of them helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this gunman cruelty？ Was it lack of feeling about one' s fellow man？

"Not so," say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the masons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle - aged man fall to the side - walk. Is he having a heart attack？ Is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病) ？ Or is he about to sleep off a drunk？ Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning？ Is it "steam pipes" ？ Or is it really smoke from a fire？ It' s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.

Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won' t get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be "tested". Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the "tests". Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the "testing room" and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of these had been pre - recorded on a tape - recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.

In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble？ Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions, were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

31. The purpose of this passage is______.

A) to explain why people fail to act in emergencies

B) to explain when people will act in emergencies

C) to explain what people will do in emergencies

D) to explain how people feel in emergencies

ings, watch the larger-than-life play on the 4th floor, and travel to other worlds, to far away stars, on the 5th floor.

Don' t just look. You are expected to feel, to turn, to push. Build your own house and earn why t stands or falls. Use computers to work out plans just as famous scientists have done. There s always something new to learn at the Maryland Science Center.

Children and group visitors enjoy half price.

The excitement of the Maryland Science Center does not end when you leave. Visit the Science Store for a gift you' d like to keep. Electronic jewelry(电子珠宝), games, books, and more — take part of the Science Center home with you.

Information

Where to call:

24 hour general(常规的) information(410)685-5225

24 hour STARLINE night, sky information (410)S39-STAR

Group visitor information (410) 685-2370

Hours:

The Maryland Science Center is open 7 days a week(except Thanksgiving Day and Christmas

Day)

Monday-Friday 10 a. m.-p. m

Saturday and Sunday 10a.m.-p.m.

Whacan visitors do at the Maryland Science Center？

A．Learn science by trying it out.

B．Watch and take part in a play.

C．Make gifts for their friends.

The reasons why birds don't get lost on long flights______.

A．have been known to scientists for years

B．have only recently been discovered

C．are known by everyone

D．will probably remain a mystery