We teenagers are reminded to（)our manners in public placesA.mindB.noticeC.lookD.care

What can we say about teenaged smokers？

A．The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.

B．The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.

C．High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.

D．Farmers' children tend to smoke more.

ts to _76 teenagers to study in groups 77 the evening. I know we get 78 sometimes, but we 79 a lot from each other. We also think that vacations should be 80 . At present they’re too short. Longer vacations would give us time to do things 81 volunteering. Last summer I had an 82 to volunteer at the local hospital, but I couldn’t because I had to _84 back to school. It would be a good _84 for me because I want to be a doctor when I’m 85

Sharing Silence

Deaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten(幼儿园)． Together the two boys，who go to Escondido High School in California，have had the difficult job of learning in schools where the majority of the students can speak and hear．

Orlando lost his hearing at the age of one．German was born deaf，and his parents moved from Mexico to find a school where he could learn sign language．He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten．

“We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids，”German remembers．“Before then，I didn’t know I was deaf and that I was different．”

“Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard，”signs Orlando．“The other kids didn't understand us and we didn't understand them．But we”ve all grown up together，and today，I'm popular be cause I'm deaf．Kids try hard to communicate with me．”

Some things are very difficult for the two boys．“We can't talk on the phone，so if we need help，we can't call an emergency service，”German signs．“And we can't order food in a drive-thru．”

Despite their difficulties，the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket． They got their jobs through a“workability”program，designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of learning disabilities．

German has worked in the supermarket since August，and Orlando started in November．

“The other people who work here have been very nice to us，”Orlando signs．“They even sign some times．At first，we were nervous，but we've learned a lot and we’re getting better．”

The opportunity to earn money has been exciting，both boys said．After high school，they hope to attend the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York．

0rlando and German have been______．

A．to Mexico together．

B．deaf since they were born．

C．to different high schools．

D．friends since they were very young．

A.new z00() in our town center next month. I think it's A.good place for the teenagers to see the animals.

格式：A.build

B.will build

C.will be built

D.building

答案：C

9.-- Shall we go to watch A.movie together？-No. I prefer() TV at home on such A.rainy day.

A.build

B.will build

C.will be built

D.building

答案：C

9.-- Shall we go to watch A.movie together？-No. I prefer() TV at home on such A.rainy day.

格式：A.watch

B.to watch

C.watching

D.watched

out are REM dream—the type that occur almost continuously during periods of rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep. But people also have NREM dreams—dreams that occur during periods without rapid eye movement called NREM sleep—although they are typically less frequent and less memorable than REM dreams. REM dreams have a story like or dream like quality and are more visual, vivid, and emotional than NREM dreams. Interestingly, blind people who lose their sight before age five usually do not have visual dreams, but they have vivid dreams involving the other senses. A popular belief about dreams is that an entire dream takes place in an instant, but in fact, it is not true. Sleep researchers have discovered that it takes about as long to dream a dream as it would to experience the same thing in real life.

Although some people insist that they do not dream at all, researchers say that all people dream unless they consume alcohol or take drugs that suppress REM sleep. Are dreaming and REM sleep essentially one and the same？ Some researchers have questioned an assumption

long held by some sleep experts that dreaming is simply the brain's effort to make sense of the random firing of neurons that occurs during REM sleep. Are the brain mechanisms responsible for REM sleep the same ones that create the rich dream world we experience？ The answer may be no. It is known that dreams do occur outside of REM sleep. Moreover, the REM state can exist without dreams. These two facts suggest that different but complementary brain mechanisms are responsible for REM sleep and the dreaming that normally occurs within it. There is mounting evidence, says British researcher Mark Solms, that dreaming and REM sleep, while normally occurring together, are not one and the same. Rather, the REM state is controlled by neural mechanisms in the brain stem, while areas farther up in the forebrain provide the common pathway that gives us the complex and often vivid mental experiences we call dreams.

Other researchers suggest that REM sleep aids in information processing, helping people sift through daily experience to organize and store in memory information that is relevant to them. Animal studies provide strong evidence for a relationship between REM sleep and learning. Some studies have revealed that animals increase their REM sleep following learning sessions. Other studies have indicated that when animals are deprived of REM sleep after new learning, their performance of the learned task is impaired the following day. But depriving subjects of NREM sleep had no such effect in the studies.

Research has shown that REM sleep serves an information-processing function in humans and is involved in the consolidation of memories after human learning. Researchers found that research participants learning a new perceptual skill showed an improvement in performance, with no additional practice, eight to ten hours later if they had a normal night's sleep or if the researchers disturbed only their NREM sleep. Performance did not improve, however, in those who were deprived of REM sleep.

There is no doubt that REM sleep serves an important function, even if psychologists do not know precisely what that function is. The fact that newborns have such a high percentage of REM sleep has led to the conclusion that REM sleep is necessary for maturation of the brain in infants. Furthermore, when people are deprived of REM sleep as a result of general sleep loss or illness, they will make up for the loss by getting an increased amount of REM sleep after the deprivation. This increase in the percentage of REM sleep to make up for REM deprivation is called a "REM rebound." Because the intensity of REM sleep is increased during a REM rebound, nightmares often occur.

Why does the author state "The answer may be no" in paragraph 2？

A．To introduce a theory that REM sleep and dreams are not necessarily connected.

B．To contrast dreaming before and after REM sleep.

C．To explain why dreaming and REM sleep are essentially the same.

D．To suggest that more dreams occur inside REM sleep than outside it.

a class research project. We have to discuss realism and fantasy (幻想) in television advertising, and so we are looking for examples of distortions (歪曲) and falsehoods in television commercials. The question we are asking is, "Is the commercial true to life, or does it offer an unreal picture of the product？ "

Sylvester is keeping track of the distortions, and he already has quite a long list. He says that all housewives seem to live in lovely homes, dress beautifully, and love their household chores. They smile and boast about floor waxes and proudly display their dirty laundry, dusty tabletops, and filthy ovens. In addition, he has never seen men doing housework. Sylvester thinks that this view of family life is filled with distortions.I am keeping track of the people who appear in the advertisements. I have found handsome men courting the All-American Girl, and they are always recommending brand X toothpaste or brand Y cologne. I see teenagers and children surrounded by their friends, having wonderful times at parties and at school, and they are usually enjoying large harmonious family gatherings. I think that these advertisements are also filled with fantasy.Sylvester and I have concluded that much of American life is pictured unrealistically in commercials. Teenagers do not always have fun at parties, and very few people love doing chores. People do have problems, but few of these are ever shown in commercials. Instead, we watch Cinderella (灰姑娘) discover a miracle floor wax, finish the kitchen chores, and waltz off to the ball. Our heads are filled with these fantasies, and they also suggest that, for any problem, brand Z will provide the instant cure. Sylvester and I will have very few facts and a lot of fantasy to write about in our research reports.

1.Judging from the context, Sylvester and the author are most probably ____.

A、classmates

B、teacher and student

C、father and son

D、research workers

2.Sylvester has found that in advertisements housewives ____.

A、are sad and tired

B、enjoy doing their housework

C、have their husbands help them

D、never touch dirty things

3.The author thinks that life of teenagers shown in commercials is ____.

A、interesting

B、wonderful

C、unrealistic

D、true to life

4.Sylvester and the author have come to the conclusion that commercials ____.

A、truly reflect American life

B、lack in fantasy

C、seldom give expression to people's real problems

D、give great fun to children

5.The most suitable title for the passage would be ____.

A、A Class Research Project

B、American Life As Shown by TV

C、Beautiful Commercials

D、Distortions in TV Advertisements

ns start school in the morning is cruel ," brain doctor claims. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a talk I gave at an academic conference. One disbelieving reader responded: " This man sounds brain-dead. " B) That was a typical reaction to work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structure of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy in London; others are considering following suit. C) So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs？ The biology of human sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and waking times get later. This trend continues until 19.5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence. On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a.m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a.m. start for a person in their 50s. D) Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones (荷尔蒙) at adolescence and the decline in those hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by parents, a general disregard for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on, all of which promote alertness and eat into time available for sleep. E) The amoount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but all studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early school starts. F) Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Providence. Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic perforruance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurprisingly. teachers reported students dozing in class. G) Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrated its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise sohitions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Excited behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for negative conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and high blood pressure. H) Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to compensate for sleep loss, and caf, feinated (含咖啡咽的) and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness also increases the likelihood of taking up smoking. I) In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Monkseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic perfomance. J) However, a later start by itself is not enough. Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a ftmdamental biological need, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others. K) ff you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or parent, to get you out of bed ; if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; ff your behavior. is overly impulsive, it means you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleep-dark and not too warm-dont text, use a computer or watch TV for at least half an hour before trying to sleep avoid avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural light in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch. L) It is my strongly held View, based upon the evidence, that the efforts of dedicated (专注的，投入的) teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and education will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports: we must do better. In the US and UK, several schools that have delayed the start of the school day witnessed a progress in academic performance.

bout life, work and play. But in one special program in New York State, adults and teenagers live together in peace. Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group. Everyone works several hours each day. The aim is not just to keep busy but rather to find meaning and enjoyment in work. Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village. Some learn to make furniture and to build houses. The adults teach them these skills. There are several free hours each day. Weekends are free, too. During the free hours some of the teenagers learn photography or painting. Others sit around talking and singing. Each teenager chooses his own way to spend his free time. When people live together, rules are always necessary. In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group. The group discusses the problem. They ask, "Why did it happen？" "What should we do about it？" One of the teenagers has this to say about the experience: "You stop thinking only about yourself. You learn how to think about the group. What is the passage mainly about？A.A special way into the woods.

B.Life of adults in a special work group.

C.Life of teenagers in a special work group.

D.How adults and teenagers live together in a special work group.

When and where was the special program offered？A.Every summer in New York city

B.Every winter in New York state

C.Every summer in New York state

D.Every winter in New York city

What will people do when someone breaks the rule？A.Criticize him or her.

B.Have a group discussion about it.

C.Make more rules.

D.Ask him or her to work more in the woods.

Which of the following is not stated directly in the passage as a purpose of the program？A.To keep members of the group busy doing something

B.To make the people there understand the meaning of work

C.To find a way to solve the generation gap

D.To help people find enjoyment in work

What do the teenagers not do when they are free？A.They learn photography

B.They learn painting

C.They build houses

D.They sit around singing

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

In the animal rights （), much is made of the volume of pain these animals （) in the na

me of medical science. Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is () of our evil and cruel (). A more reasonable argument, however, can be advanced in our (). Life is often () to animals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head (). Young children () able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else. From everyday germs to gang (), no life is free of pain. Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed, most will fail); or 3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that () discoveries will lead us forward.

. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient- 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.

But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading, it has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form. of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.

Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we've known it.

The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is ______.

A．rather bleak

B．fairly bright

C．very impressive

D．quite encouraging