Market power doesn’t exist in stumpage, forest chemical products, and furniture markets.

A.The power of perceiving

B.The power of learning

C.The power of understanding

D.The power of seeking

--it won't be a bit like the Army," he said. "He'll sit there all day saying 'do this, do that, ' and nothing will happen." Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance---you didn't tell Winston Churchill what to do--in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman's insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.

A 20-year bull market has convinced us all the CEOs are geniuses, so watch with Astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in their jobs.

Actually, we shouldn't be surprised. Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.

Why is this？ Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he's in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study "Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents," Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is "the power to persuade."

Take Rumsfeld's attempt to transform. the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense Secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.

Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'Neill's position as Treasury Secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance Ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.

O'Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF’s bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepticism.

Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can't just quit. Jack Welch's famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, it doesn't always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can't get out of the national-security business.

The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, "necessarily and properly very different.' In a recent speech he explained, "Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitability…Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives---for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity.”

Rubin's example shows that talented people can do well in g

A．regard the president as the CEO

B．take absolute control of his department

C．exercise more power than the congressional committee

D．become acquainted with its power structure

A．raise the wage for insiders

C．offset the market power of a large firm that is the dominant employer in a region．

D．threaten a strike but don’t actually follow through so there are no lost hours of work．

What we can learn from the article？ (More than one correct answer)

A.The author doesn’t agree with the approach to using existing products to understand users’ needs.

B.With the iPad Apple has not provided an answer to market needs.

C.In 2008, when Jobs unveiled the MacBook Air, he didn’t think users will miss the optical drive.

D.Apple is not alone in thumbing its nose at the notion of user-centered innovation.

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of thedigitaleconomy is astonishing -Amazonhas just

announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years

agoFacebookpaid even more than that to acquire theWhatsAppmessaging service, which

doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and

finely detailedwebof its users’ friendships and social lives.

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to

Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even

without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was

enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not

want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently

plotting？ It may be that the value of Whole Foods toAmazonis not so much the 460 shops ft owns,

but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is

clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.

By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,

to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too.

Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this

is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are

not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them - and Facebook

andGoogle,the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other

media and entertainment companies.

The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of

thedigital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe

31.According to Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。

A.digialproducts

B.userinformation

C.physical assets

D.quality service

32.Linking phone numbers to Faccbook identities may

A.worsen political disputes

B.mess up customer records

C.pose a risk to Facebook users

D.mislead the European commission

33.According to the author，competition law

A.should serve the new market powers

B.may worsen the economic imbalancens

C.should not provide just one legal solution

D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook nsers

Because

A.they are no defined as customers

B.they are not financially reliable

C.these rvices aregenerallydigital

D.the services are paid for by advertisers

35.The ants analogy is used to llustrate

A.a win-win business model between digital giants

B.a typical competition pattem among digital giants

C.the benefits provided for digital giants' customers

D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

the United States. Often, driving along, you can see some mobile homes high on a hill. Some stand under trees along a river or a lake. They're wonderfully built homes. Sometimes they're as much as 40 feet long, with two to five rooms, and you can find many things you need in them. When you park your mobile home, water, electricity power and telephones are connected, and you can enjoy yourself there. The fact that these homes can be moved doesn't mean that they do move all the time. Sometimes their owners stay for years in one place, plant gardens, build walls and so on. These homes are often quite expensive. Some even cost $ 20,000. Why does a family choose to live in such a home？ Well, it's comfortable, easy to keep clean, easy to keep warm, no need to paint. What's more, the fast increase of mobile homes in numbers has something to do with the job uncertainty (不稳定性). Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. If a factory closes down, you may be trapped with the house you can't sell. However, if you have a mobile home, you can move on easily. The greatest selling attraction of these mobile homes is that they can be improved every year. If you're doing well, you may change a new model just as you do with a car. There is a ready market for used ones, so the price of the mobile homes is higher than that of automobiles (汽车).

16. From the passage, we know that mobile homes _______.

A. can be built better than our homes

B. need to move all the time

C. can provide something people need

D. must stand only high on a hill

17. _______ is one of the reasons for people to choose mobile homes.

A. The job uncertainty

B. The strange design

C. The low price

D. The high speed

18. Which of the following may NOT attract people to buy mobile homes？

A. The new model appears every year.

B. Walls can be easily built around them.

C. They don't need to be painted.

D. They can be moved here and there.

19. We can infer that the increase of the mobile homes shows _______.

A. great changes in people's living style. (方式)

B. great interest in developing new things

C. some problems in people's life

D. people's hope for new jobs

20. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？

A. How to Choose a Mobile Home

B. The Developing Mobile Homes

C. The Uses of Mobile Homes

D. Mobile Homes Are Popular in the US

earer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world： They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables， especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland， for example， wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead， notably China and Europe， the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March， for the first time， wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US， reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa， he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa， where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine？” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers， who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now， this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go， the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

The word “plummeting”（Line 3， Para. 2） is closest in meaning to .

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A.will bring the USA closer to other countries.

B.will accelerate global environmental change.

C.is not really encouraged by the USA government.

D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.

According to Paragraph 3， the use of renewable energy in America .A.is progressing notably

B.is as extensive as in Europe

C.faces many challenges

D.has proved to be impractical

Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？A.Its application has boosted battery storage.

B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

It can be learned that in Iowa， .A.wind is a widely used energy source

B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C.tech giants are investing in clean energy

D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Text2

While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy

supply,it'sclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The

move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto

fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of

renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the

cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In

Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.

While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also

seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more

than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information

Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as thepathto economic growth.

In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that

message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36

percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants likeMicrosoftare being

attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine？" has provid

ed a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage

apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big

bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity

on roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

While there's a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of

change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a

meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or

doesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of

aglobal shift in thought.

26.The word "plummeting"(Line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to ______

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______

A. is progressing notably

B. is as extensive as in Europe

C. faces many challenges

D. has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa,

______.

A. wind is a widely used energy source

B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C. tech giants are investing in clean energy

D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？A. Its

application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its

continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It

can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.

A. will bring the US closer to other countries

B. will accelerate global environmental change

C. is not really encouraged by the US government

D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.