PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each on

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

Part B

52.Directions:

A) Title: Parents are too Permissive with Their Children Nowadays

B) Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:

1.孩子成为家庭的中心，父母日渐失去应有的权威。

2.父母对孩子的溺爱和忽视导致表少年犯罪。

3.孩子的生活过于安逸对他们日后的成长不利。

You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET H. (20 points)

Directions:

You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on your ANSWER SHEET.

Part A

66. You are the organizer of an English speech contest， and you want to invite a foreign teacher in your school to be a judge. Write an email to him，

1） telling him about the contest（time， location， topic， etc. ）；

2） expressing your hope for his participation and his reply to your message.

You should write approximately 100 words. Do not use your own name at the end of your email. Use "Wang Lin" instead.

Part V Writing

Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a letter of complaint according to the following information given in Chinese. Remember to do the task on the Translation/Composition Sheet.

假定你是李明，给北京市奥组委写一份申请函，申请做一名奥运会的志愿者。

写信日期：2007年12月23日

申请函需要包括：

1.个人信息(年龄、性别、特长、外语能力、社会活动经历等)

2.担任志愿者的理由

3.希望担当的志愿者工作(如导游、翻译或接待服务等)

4.联系方式

Words for reference：

志愿者volunteer

奥运会the Olympic Games

Part C

Directions: Read then following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. (10 points)

Laws of nature are of two basic forms: (1) a law is Universal if it states that some conditions, so far as are known, in- variably are found together with certain other conditions; and (2) a law is probabilistic if it affirms that, on the average, a stated fraction of cases displaying a given condition will display a certain other condition as well. In either case, a law may be valid even though it obtains only under special circumstances or as a convenient approximation.

46) Moreover, a law of nature has no logical necessity; rather, it rests directly or indirectly upon the evidence of experience. Laws of universal form. must be distinguished from generalizations, such as "All chairs in this office are gray," which appear to be accidental. Generalizations, for example, cannot support counterfactual conditional statements such as "If this chair had been in my office, it would be gray" nor subjunctive conditionals such as "If this chair were put in my office, it would be gray." On the other hand, the statement "All planetary objects move in nearly elliptical paths about their star" does provide this support. All scientific laws appear to give similar results.

47) The class of universal statements that can be candidates for the status of laws, however, is determined at any time in history, by the theories of science current then.

Several positive attributes are commonly required of a natural law. Statements about things or events limited to one location or one date cannot be lawlike. Also, most scientists hold that the predicate must apply to evidence not used in deft- ring the law: though the law is founded upon experience, it must predict or help one to understand matters not included among these experiences. Finally, it is normally expected that o law will be explainable by more embracing laws or by some theory.

48) Thus t a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds for expecting it will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.

Universal laws are of several types. 49) Many assert a dependence between varying quantities measuring certain properties, as in the law that the pressure of a gas under steady temperature is inversely proportional to its volnme.

Others state that events occur in an invariant order, as in "Vertebrates always occur in the fossil record after the rise of invertebrates." Lastly, there are laws affirming that if an object is of a stated sort it will have certain observable properties. 50) Part of the reason for the ambiguity of the term law of nature lies in the temptation to apply the term only to statements of one of these sorts of laws, as in the claim that science deals solely with cause and effect relationships, when in fact all three kinds are equally valid.

46.____________________

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

46) The teaching of English as a second language (ESL) in schools has had a history of conflicting arguments, interesting innovations and some very positive methodological changes. To understand the present situation, it is necessary to consider the past and the wider educational context which has a bearing on it.

Until quite recently, approaches to ESL work have been strongly influenced by methods developed to teach English as a foreign language to older learners. These methods placed much emphasis on drills, exercises and remedial programs that focus on language in abstraction. 47) The prescriptive nature of such methods and the demands they made on the teacher's time developed the belief that ESL work would be tackled only by the specialist ESL teacher working with small groups of children. 48) Such an approach does not fit comfortably into current notions of learning and teaching in the primary school, nor does it sufficientlv equip ESL learners in the secondary school to benefit from normal schooling. In prescribing what language is to be taught, it has ignored what children bring to the learning task and the choices they make about how and what they want to learn. Furthermore, the location and organization of language provision did not measure up to the demand. 49) The language centers and English language services all contributed to providing special and concentrated teaching of English as a second language in small groups, varying in size from four or five to fifteen, Whatever the pattern of provision, the main aim was to give pupils sufficient English to enable them to join normal schools as quickly as possible. The success of such special provision depended very much on the close and constant liaison of language teachers with the subject teachers and the class teachers and on the continuity of learning experiences provided by them. One of the important disadvantages of language centers and withdrawal groups was that ESL children were being taught away from those English-speakers who provide the most powerful models, i.e. their peer (地位相同的) group.

Peer group interaction is an important element in any learning situation, but its particular strengths in a classroom with ESL learners cannot be over-emphasized.

50) The separation of second-language learners from the main-stream classroom cannot easily be justified on educational grounds, since in practice it leads to both their curriculum and language learning being impoverished.

46.______________________________

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations

A.Δ/Δ

B.Yo/Yo

C.Yo/Δ

D.Δ/Yo