The history of ice cream is amystery. No one knows

ursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.November 7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.December 5thIce for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.February 6thAn Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.March 6thEyots and Aits Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/bookMore into:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatsonLondon Canal Museum12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RTwww.canalmuseum.org.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobi Tel:020 77130836

(1)、When is the talk on James Brindley？ ()

A、February 6th.

B、March 6th.

C、November 7th.

D、December 5th.

(2)、What is the topic of the talk in February？ ()

A、The Canal Pioneers.

B、Ice for the Metropolis

C、Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands

D、An Update on the Cotsword Canals

(3)、Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames. ()

A、Miranda Vickers

B、Malcolm Tucker

C、Chris Lewis

D、Liz Payne

(4)、When will our monthly talks start __________. ()

A、the first Monday of July

B、the first Thursday of August

C、the second Thursday of May

D、the first Thursday of June

(5)、Who will explain the history of importing natural ice？ ()

A、Miranda Vickers

B、Malcolm Tucker

C、Chris Lewis

D、Liz Payne

Ice draws the Dutch(荷兰人) outdoors with a force as old as their history. Ask anyone there why, and the answer is the same: "Because there is so much water". With one-quarter of the nation below sea level and nearly half its land reclaimed from the sea, the Netherlands has many canals, lakes, rivers and waterways. When winters are cold enough, these freeze into charming avenues for skating and celebrating Dutch culture with traditional events such as races with horse-drawn old-fashioned sleighs(雪撬).

A deep freeze is rare, which adds to the attractiveness. "Our winters are influenced by the Gulf Stream and therefore are rather rainy and not very severe", says Co Rentmeester, who was born in Amsterdam. "But when winter is strong and very cold, the lakes and canals freeze, and the Dutch become Olympians. It's a national passion".

Last winter was strong enough to hold the famous Eleven Cities Tour, a 200-kilometer skating marathon through 11 towns that drew more than 16,000 skaters and haft a million onlookers. Such events give the usually antinationalistic Dutch a chance to cheer their countrymen and their accomplishments. "We can walk on water and see the lands we made with our own hands", says historian Herman Pleij with a laugh. For Dutch skating champion Ria Visser, the attractiveness is more emotional, "To be in nature with the cold and the silence and the wonderful movement of skates, it's like flying. You feel free".

Ice draws the Dutch outdoors with a force as old as their history, which means ______.

A．ice has a long history which forces the Dutch to leave their homes

B．ice is an old force in Dutch history that pushes people to engage in outdoor activities

C．ice-sports have long since been the Dutch favourite outdoor activities

D．ice-sports have long since been the force in Dutch history

business with no food industry experience. "We wanted to make the best gelato in the world and we didn't know how to make any gelato!" Fed recalls. That did not stop them though and the business has become more and more successful.

The word gelato means "frozen" originally. Since ancient Rome, people have been enjoying cold desserts. Many think gelato is just an Italian name for ice cream. But actually it is a different product. According to Fed and Guido, the difference between ice cream and gelato is the amount of fat in the product. In ice cream you have an average of 17-18% of fat, but with Italian gelato you have 10%.

It was Guido who first came up with the idea. He thought that if they got the best materials, they could make top quality gelato. Fed then put a business plan together and the two decided to go for it. The only rule they had when they started out was to stick to their guiding principle—to try to create the world's best gelato. Their efforts paid off. Sales of their gelato have doubled in Italy every year since 2008. It outpaced （超过）the growth of every other type of iced dessert by some way. The company grows from two employees in 2003 to nearly 700 employees today.

According to a market analysis, Italians' love for gelato will last for the next few years. These two will be happy to learn the news.

(1).

It can be learned from the first paragraph that Fed and Guido_____.

A、used to be wine makers

B、knew how to make gelato

C、had no experience in food industry

D、planned to create a new dessert

(2).

Paragraph 2 tells us that_____.

A、Fed and Guido invented gelato

B、Italians prefer gelato to ice cream

C、gelato is the world's best dessert

D、gelato has less fat than ice cream

(3).

The guiding principle Fed and Guido followed is_____.

A、using secret materials

B、sticking to their business plan

C、making top quality gelato

D、hiring the best employees

(4).

Since 2008, the sales of Fed and Guido’s gelato have_____.

A、remained the same

B、reached record high

C、grown as fast as other desserts

D、increased steadily

(5).

Which of the following is the best title for the text？

A、the World’s Best Gelato

B、Italians' Love for Gelato

C、The History of Gelato

D、Gelato Shops in Italy

It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.

When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War Ⅱ, more than 10,000 people--mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany--were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. "I'll never forget the screams," says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave—and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.

Now Germany's Nobel Prize-winning author Guenter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children--with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn't dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later. "Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East. " The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn't have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings. "

The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable--and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today's unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they've now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.

Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history？ ______

A．It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.

B．Most of its passengers were frozen to death.

C．Its victims were mostly women and children.

D．It caused the largest number of casualties.

and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction？ What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks？ Well, one reason is the way to serve their “guests”.

All new employees, from vice-presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions I”. Here, they learn about the company's history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.

After passing “Traditions”, the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific (具体的 ) jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires eight-hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the rest rooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds？ ... We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy themselves.

Even Disney's managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail, and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company’s goals more clearly.

All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass (团体) service provider in America or the world.

(1)The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees _________.

A、begin by receiving on-the-job training

B、must learn several jobs

C、begin as ticket takers

D、have already attended Disney University

(2)The main aim of the Disney employees is to _________.

A、learn all parts of the business

B、see that their guests enjoy themselves

C、be able to answer all kinds of questions

D、keep their important guests happy

(3)After passing “Traditions I”, the new employees ________.

A、must start their work at once

B、can begin with some simple jobs

C、must receive another 32 hours of training

D、must go on to more specialized training

(4)Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the parks to______

A、set a good example for employees

B、remind themselves of their beginnings at Disney

C、replace employees on holiday

D、get a good view of the company's aims

(5)Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？

A、Visitors learn about the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.

B、Disney attracts people from all over the world.

C、Parades are regularly held in Disney's entertainment parks.

D、Disney's managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disney parks.

lem, but for the timebeing it is in America that it is graver. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes (黑人．should knowabout the contributions that black individuals and groups have made towards building America. This is of vitalimportance for their self-respect; and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believethat a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man. Many people believe that, since the Negros achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not haveany. Most people are taken aback when they learn that.Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanishconquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonishedwhen you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a salve in Boston and wrote first-class poetry.They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city ofWashington. There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invisible. Little has beenwritten about the 5,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in everyimportant battle. In the Anglo-American War of 1812, at least one out of every six men in the U.S. Navy was aNegro. In the Civil War, more than 200,000 black troops fought in the Union forces. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear？ To justify the hideous institutionof slavery, slave-holders had to create the myth of the docile, slow-witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at everychance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted. There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of theNegro, Carver, who invented scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, whoin 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry？ Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery？ How many people know that Negroesare credited with inventing such different items as ice creams, potato chips, the gas mask and the first traffic light？ Not many. As for the winning of the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men thatdrove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and TenthCavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. "Whatdifference does it make？" you may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify withhim instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and rightfinally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters faces when theylearn that their ancestors really had a part in all that. According to the passage, education on Negroes contributions to America ___________

A.contributes to the blacks confidence of their value

B.proves their achievements in building the country

C.is still a major task for curriculum education

D.will solve all the conflicts between black and white people

h more or less plausible speculations. We do not even know for certain when language arose, but it seems likely that it goes back to the earliest history of man, perhaps haft a million years ago. We have no direct evidence, but it seems probable that it took the earliest forms of human cooperation. In the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene(更新世) period, our earliest human ancestors established the Old Stone Age culture; they made stone tools and, later, tools of bone, ivory, and antler; they made fire and cooked their food; they hunted big game, often by methods that called for considerable cooperation and coordination. As their material culture gradually developed, they became artists and drew pebbles as well as wonderful paintings of animals on the walls of caves. It is difficult to believe that the makers of these Paleolithic(旧石器时代的) cultures lacked the power of speech. It is a long step, admittedly, from other earliest flint weapons to the splendid spear of the late Stone Age: the first crude flints date back perhaps to 500,000 B.C., while the finest achievements of Old Stone Age man are later than 100,000 B. C.; and in this period we can envisage a corresponding development of language, from the most primitive and limited language of the earliest human groups to a fully developed language in the flowering time of Old .Stone Age culture.

How did language arise in the first place？ There are many theories about this, based on various types of indirect evidence, such as the language of children, the language of primitive societies, the kinds of changes

that have taken place in language in the course of recorded history, the behavior. of higher animals like chimpanzees, and the behavior. of people suffering from speech defects. These types of evidence may provide us with pointers, but they all suffer from limitations.

When we consider the language of children, we haw to remember that their situations are quite different from those of our earliest human ancestors because the child, growing up in an environment where there is al- ready a fully developed language, is surrounded by adults who use that language and are teaching it to him. For example, it has been shown that the earliest words used by children are mainly the names of things and people ("doll," "spoon," "Mummy"), but this fact does not prove that the earliest words of primitive man were also the names of things and people. When the child learns the name of an object, he may then use it to express his wishes or demands.

"Doll!" often means,. "Give me my doll!" or "I've dropped my doll. Pick it up for me!" The child is us- ing language to get things done, and it is almost an accident of adult teaching that the words used to formulate the child's demands are mainly nouns instead of words like "Bring!" "Pick Up!" and so on.

Theories of the origin of language include all of the following EXCEPT______.

A．communication among primitive men

B．the need to communicate

C．the language of children

D．the first man's extensive vocabulary

A.snow hut

B.snow house

C.ice house

D.ice room