Know the cultural differences or etiquette when you have business partners from a difKnow the cultural differences or etiquette when you have business partners from a different country.（）

A.习俗的

B.文化的

C.法律的

A. It’s meaning is said to depend on ().

B.lexical context

C.grammatical context

D.linguistic context

E.cultural background

听力原文： People acquire knowledge, skills, habits, values, or attitudes through education. Education helps people become useful members of society. It also helps them know their cultural tradition and live more enjoyable lives. The most common way to get an education is to attend school. But much education also takes place outside the classroom.

People acquire knowledge, skills,【11】, values, or attitudes through education. Education helps people become【12】members of society. It also helps them know their cultural tradition and live more【13】lives. The most common way to get an education is to【14】school. But much education also takes place【15】the classroom.

A.I understand culture as a treasure that is part of our collective memory, of our perception of ourselves.

B.The more we know about the cultures of others, the more open-minded, tolerant and global we become.

C.Our cultural traits, values and beliefs are different and diverse. However, it is the respect and understanding we foster that makes us truly human.

D.Culture is only visible in the ways of people’s life

A．Visit your closest American friends first, since they are most important．

B．Visit your least closest friends first, since you know your best friends will most understand the pressure you are facing to see so many peopl

E．

My fellow leaders,

Let me begin by saying it is a great honor to have this unprecedented gathering of world leaders in the United States.We come together not at a remarkable moment on the calendar,but at a dawn of a new era in human affairs,when globalization,revolution and information technology have brought us together than ever before.

To an extent unimaginable just a few years ago,we reach across geographical and cultural divides.We know what is going on in each other's countries.We share experiences,triumphs,tragedies,aspirations.

Cultural Differences

People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable．sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans______1 out of the country and have very______2 experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous．friendly and open．and enjoy______3 new people．having guests and bringing people together formally or informally．They tend to use first names______4 most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that______5 you uncomfortable．try to let them know how you feel. Most people will______6 your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. And you'll all______7 something about another culture!

Many travelers find______8 easier to meet people in the U. S. than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over______9 they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be______10 . Perhaps it seems so．but they are probably just______11 a good time. Just like anywhere else．it takes time to become real friends______12 people in the U.S..

If and when you______13 American friends．they will probably______14 introducing you to their friends and family．and if they seem proud______15 you．it's probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it.

第 51 题 请选择（1）处的最佳答案．

A．have never been

B．have been never

C．has never been

D．has been never

ponsible for successful conveyance. The sender's personality, beliefs, cultural and educational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this as he or she is encoding the message. Simply put, encoding is translating information into symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending. These symbols are usually words in written or spoken form. To ensure successful communication, the sender should know as much about his or her audience – the receiver – as possible in order to focus and support the encoding process.

In addition to this awareness of self and encoding, the sender must choose the proper channel for conveying the message. Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication. Like the sender, receivers are influenced by internal factors: their personality, their receptivity to the message or their relationship to the sender. Additionally, their current feelings, mood, or state of mind can affect a message. Once the message moves through the channel, the receiver then decodes it. The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the message to interpret its meaning.

Feedback is the return message from the receiver to the sender. It is feedback that enables the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not. Therefore it is essential to the communication process.

This process, though very common, is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn. Spoken or written language is inherently easy to misinterpret. In conclusion, effective and successful Communication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver provides the sender with desirable feedback.

1. The sender's gender also influences the message.{T; F}

2. Encoding is a process that translating information into symbols which serve as the ideas or concepts of the message that will be sent later.{T; F}

3. These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form.{T; F}

4. Channel is not crucial for conveying the message.{T; F}

5. Feedbacks enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the message successfully or not.{T; F}

The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.

Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming ore sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies, It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race？ First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.

Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because ______ .

A．an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies

B．shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies

C．the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U. S.

D．increased efforts of other countries in public relations