Thomas More wrote his famous prose work “ _______”.

A．Robinson Crusoe

B．Gulliver’s Travels

C．Utopia

D．Of Studies

A.Washington

B.Jefferson

C.Benjamin Franklin

D.Thomas Paine

根据下列材料，请回答 41～45 题：

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.（10 points）

“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.

Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus （or virtue） of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere morals.

Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”

This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

[A] emphasized the virtue of

classical heroes. 41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of

the leading artists. 42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose

lives were hard to imitate. 43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding

the great men in history. 44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story

of the masses and their record of struggle. 45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for

successful leaders. [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer

industrialists and explorers.

第 41 题 请在（41）处填上最佳答案。

A.Thomas Jefferson

B.Benjamin Franklin

C.Washington

D.Washington Irving

John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and () ？wrote The Declaration of Independence.

A、Benjamin Franklin

B、Abraham Lincoln

C、George Washington

D、Paul Revere

听力原文：M: Hi, Janet. How's your oral presentation coming along？

W: What oral presentation are you talking about？ I can't give mine until next week.

M: You haven't started working on it yet, have you？

W: No, I have so many other things to do. I need to finish summarizing 30 articles for Dr. Thompson. See, I've been working for him as a research assistant. I know what the pressure of a deadline feels like.

M: I have more time than you do. But I can't concentrate unless I know I have plenty of time. I wanted to get my presentation out of the way because I have a big biology test next week.

W: What's your presentation on？

M: Sinclair Lewis.

W: Isn't he a writer？ I thought we were supposed to focus only on poets.

M: No, yon can work on novelists too.

W: Are you positive？ I didn't know that.

M: Anyway, I like most of Lewis' novels but especially Main Street which he wrote in 1920. It's a satirical portrait of a conservative small town in the Midwest.

W: Are you going to give yours on Wednesday？

M: Yes, I am. You wouldn't mind listening to my talk and giving me some feedback, would you？ Also, I'd appreciate it if you would time my speech.

W: No problem. Where shall we get together？

M: That sounds good.I'll see you at the hall. It'll be quieter than our dormitory.

(23)

A．Their oral presentations.

B．Sinclair Lewis.

C．American novelists.

D．American poets.

(Why I Write) For fifteen years or more, Orwell wrote a story about himself. ()