____ the age of ten, she had learned to play the piano.

A child of ten who is two years retarded has a mental age of ______.

A．nine

B．ten

C．eight

D．twelve

A.young

B.old

C.age

D.short

A.ten

B. nine

C. eleven

D. twelve

A.In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings.They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it).

B.There’s a tendency to view children in the UK, and in the Western world in general, as incompetent and dependent.But this isn’t the case throughout the world.

C.He has written how a Yanamamö girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten will be running a house.By the age of 12 or 13 she is probably married and will have started to have babies.

D.While Westerners might take exception to eight-year-old girls working or to 12-yEar-old girls marrying, within their own communities such activities are seen as a normal and positive part of childhood.

ng the last ten years. The good health care that these people enjoyed in the United States during their vulnerable childhood years is primarily responsible for this trend. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the explanation above？

A．Seventy-five percent of the people in the United States who are 85 or older are the children of people who themselves lived less than 65 years.

B．The people in the United States who are now 85 represent an age group that was smaller in numbers at birth than the immediately preceding and succeeding age groups.

C．Thirty-five percent of the people in the United States who are 85 or older require some form. of twenty-four-hour nursing care.

D．Many of the people in the United States who are 85 or older immigrated to the United States when they were 20 years old or older.

E．Because of decreased federal funding for medical care for pregnant mothers and for children, the life expectancy of United States citizens is likely to decrease.

During sleep, the fatigue (疲劳) of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复) begins. The tired mind gathers new energy. Once awake, the memory improves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better perspective.

Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they grow older, the amount gradually diminishes. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep. Napoleon, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.

Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine: a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably. Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours ？nearly five days, whereas animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.

1、The writer implies that _________

A、sleep is important for good mental and physical health

B、a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleep

C、memory is improved during sleep

D、sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings

2、From the amount of sleep Napoleon, Edison and Darwin required, we can infer that_______.

A、they were famous great men

B、 they were executive workers

C、 they were intelligent people

D、 they were involved in mentally demanding work

3、The amount of sleep required ________.

A、varies greatly from individual to individual

B、 depends on an individual''s age

C、 relates to an individual''s occupation

D、 all of the above.

4、According to the passage, the sleeping routine will be built at the age of _________.

A、10

B、20

C、30

D、40

5、From animal experiments, we can conclude that the final result of the lack of sleep is probably _________

A、mental illness

B、mental breakdown

C、susceptibility to illness

D、death

anguage and speech development.Language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights.Experts say children should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people.

America ’s National Institutes of Health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children.The ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language.

The first signs of communication happen during the first few days of life, when a baby learns that crying will bring food and attention.Research shows that most children recognize the general sounds of their native language by six months of age.By that time, a baby usually begins to make speech-like sounds.These sounds become a kind of nonsense speech over time.

By the end of their first year, most children are able to say a few simple words, although they may not understand the meaning of the words.By 18 months of age, most children can say between eight and ten words.By two years of age, most children are able to make simple statements.By ages three, four and five, the number of words a child can understand quickly increases.It is at these ages that children begin to understand the rules of language.

41.Language and communication skills are best developed in an environment full of().

A、babies’ loud crying

B、sounds and sights

C、nonsense speech

D、food and attention

42.According to the second paragraph, evidence shows that for children there exist().

A、natural abilities to learn a language

B、difficult periods to learn a language

C、critical abilities to develop their language

D、critical periods to develop their language

43.A baby begins to learn what communication is when().

A、it realizes crying will bring food and attention

B、it first realizes nonsense speech over time

C、it first makes some recognizable sounds

D、it makes the sounds and speech repeatedly

44.When do babies usually begin to make speech-like sounds？

A、By the age of two.

B、By the age of one.

C、By the age of 6 months.

D、By the age of three.

45.According to the passage, which of the following language skills do children develop last？

A、Grammar.

B、Sounds.

C、Words.

D、Statements.

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The more time children spend watching television the poorer they perform. academically, according to three studies published on Monday.【S1】______television viewing has been blamed for increasing rates of childhood obesity(肥胖)and for aggressive behavior, while its【S2】______on schooling have been inconclusive, researchers said.

But studies published on the topic in this month' s Archives of Pediatrics(小儿科)& Adolescent Medicine concluded television viewing【S3】______to have an adverse effect(反作用)on academic pursuits. For【S4】______, children who had televisions in their bedrooms--and【S5】______watched more TV--scored lower on standardized tests than those who did not have sets in their rooms. In contrast, the study found having a home computer with【S6】______to the Internet resulted in comparatively higher test scores.

"Consistently, those with a bedroom television but no【S7】______home computer had, on aver age, the lowest scores and those with home computer but no bedroom television had the highest scores," wrote study author Dina Borzekowski of Johns Hopkins University.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has【S8】______parents to limit children' s television viewing to no more than one to two hours per day--and to try to keep younger Children away from TV altogether.

In two other studies published in the same journal, children who【S9】______watched television before the age of 3 ended up with lower test scores later on, and children and adolescents who watched more television were less【S10】______. to go on to finish high school or earn a college degree.

A)Inadequate I)urged

B)available J)Excessive

C)regularly K)instance

D)therefore L)reception

E)access M)tended

F)likely N)Ordinary

G)impact O)Limitless

H)converted

【S1】

iours. Scientists have already found that there is a critical period for learning in man and animals. Once the right time for learning a skill or a certain behaviour has passed, this skill or behaviour can never be properly learned.

Thorpe of Cambridge University found that the chaffinch has to learn most of its songs, and that this learning has to occur during the early weeks of the bird's life and also during the first spring. If the bird is handreared and isolated from other birds from the time of hatching, it sings only very simple songs and it never learns the song of its species correctly.

That we speak our own language perfectly and the languages we learn later imperfectly also depends on learning this skill at the right time. The brain develops in such a way that it is ready to learn to speak between the ages of about ten months and ten years. Languages learned later are not spoken perfectly. The ability to speak a language is a mixed motor and sensory skill. It is necessary to hear all the sounds, the subtle differences between similar but not identical sounds, the rhythm and lilt of the language. One has also to work tongue, throat, and lips, to control breathing. All this has to be managed at one and the same time. From some time after birth until the age of six or seven, normal children can learn all this perfectly, and without much difficulty they can learn two or even three languages at the same time, without muddling them up. But later, most of us cannot acquire this skill. We may learn to write and read the new language perfectly; but to acquire the right inflexion and the accent and the ability to speak so that no one can detect that the language is not our mother-tongue hardly ever occurs.

But those of us who still want to learn foreign languages after these early milestones have been passed need not worry; for though we may not learn to speak a new language like the natives, we know from thousands of examples that we can go on learning languages beyond the age of eighty. There are so many activities adding to the simple word "learning" that although some of the processes become less efficient with ageing of the brain, our actual experience of learning helps us in learning new material.

According to the study by Thorpe, a chaffinch reared in isolation after its birth ______.

A．never sings

B．cannot learn songs from other species of birds

C．never sings as well as other chaffinches

D．sings the same song all the time