利率（interest rate)

实际利率(real interest rate)

In the short run of a model with sticky prices，a reduction in the money supply raises the nominal interest rate and appreciates the currency．What happens to the expected real interest rate？ Explain why the subsequent path of the real exchange rate satisfies the real interest parity condition．

假设美元利率和英镑利率均为每年5%。当前的美元/英镑均衡汇率与预期美元/英镑汇率之间有什么联系？假设预期美元/英镑汇率为每英镑1.52美元并保持不变，英国的年利率升至10%。如果美国的利率仍然保持不变，那么，新的均衡汇率是多少？

Suppose the dollar interest rate and the pound sterling interest rate are the same，5 percent per year．What is the relation between the current equilibrium ＄/￡ exchange rate and its expected future level？ Suppose the expected future ＄/￡ exchange rate，＄1.52 per pound，remains constant as Britain's interest rate rises to 10 percent per year．If the U.S. interest rate also remains constant，what is the new equilibrium ＄/￡ exchange rate？

图解分析确定这一消息对于当前美元/欧元汇率的影响。(Traders in asset markets suddenly learn that the interest rate on dollars will decline in the near future．Use the diagrammatic analysis of the chapter to determine the effect on the current dollar/euro exchange rate，assuming current Interest rates on dollar and euro deposits do not change．)

货币供给的减少对利率、收入、消费和投资的影响是什么？

What is the impact of a decrease in the money supply on the interest rate, income, consumption, and investment？

税收的增加对利率、收入、消费和投资的影响是什么？

What is the impact of an increase in taxes on the interest rate, income, consumption, and investment？