The cells called lymphocytes（）

A.laminates

B.particles

C.honeycomb

D.outer sheets

A.Hydrothermal

B.Photothermal

C.Photodynamic

D.Radiation

A．Blood plasma leaves blood vessels and becomes lymph surrounding cells． Cells can take in what they need and excrete wastes into this flui

D．Then the extra lymph enters lymphatic vessels and is called interstitial fluid and is returned to the blooD

B．Lymph leaves blood vessels and because blood plasma surrounding cells． Cells can take in what they need and excrete wastes into this flui

D．Then the extra blood plasma enters lymphatic vessels and is called interstitial fluid and is returned to the blooD

C．Interstitial fluid leaves blood vessels and becomes lymph surrounding cells．Cells can take in what they need and excrete wastes into this flui

D．Then the extra lymph enters lymphatic vessels and is called blood plasma and is returned to the bloo

D．Blood plasma leaves blood vessels and becomes interstitial flui

D．Cells can take in what they need and excrete wastes into this flui

D．Then the extra interstitial fluid enters lymphatic vessels and is called lymph and is returned to the bloo

D．

Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM)is a(16)that promises to change the fabric of local and wide area communications.The key advantage of ATM is the capability to move voice, data, graphics and(17)at speeds of up to 2 gigabits per second.An ATM switch allows you to create a(18)network that is completely independent from the(19)configuration of the network.ATM uses a(20)called cell switching to convert data into fixed length cells of 53 bytes each, so they can be switched very quickly and efficiently.

A．technology

B．video images

C．logical

D．physical

第一篇 Putting Plants to Work

Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels(太阳能电池板) for decades. But plants are the real experts. They’ve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.

Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), and water into sugars and starches(淀粉), stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called

photosynthesis(光合作用). Unfortunately, unless you’re a plant, it’s difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That’s why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.

Some scientists are trying to get plants or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthesis power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Colo., is working with green algae(水藻). She’s trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform. photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.

The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. “But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.” Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It’s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.

Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It’s not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate(硫酸盐) from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.

Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells’ activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.

The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There’s a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.”

31 How do plants relate to solar energy？

A They have been using it for billions of years.

B They are the real experts in producing it.

C They have been a source of it.

D They have been used to produce it.

some of their capabilities, and finally die. This loss of capabilities is progressive, irreversible and common for all members of a species and is called aging. In humans it shows in many ways, some very visible: decline in height, shrinkage of muscle, thinning and graying of hair, and wrinkling of skin. Internally, and even more significantly, there is the progressive loss of cells in the brain, kidneys, and other vital organs. This cell loss has resulted in stoppage of a vital process. Whatever the reason, important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age. Many of these changes are reflected in functional decline. Not only do nerve cells at levels from the brain to the spinal cord diminish, but also those that remain conduct impulses at a slower rate so that the reaction time of the older animal is slowed. Memory often shows a decline.

Another widespread decline is in the loss of cells involved in the hearing process. The loss is most masked for high pitches and may require tile assistance of a battery-operated hearing aid. More subtle are such declines as those in the processes involved with being immune to disease, which result in a lessoned ability of the older organism to cope with infection. Indeed, pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death among the elderly population of most nations.

Mixed with true aging processes are disease processes that may be so common as to be mistaken for aging. For instance, the buildup of deposits of fatty materials in arteries tends to be progressive with aging; everything else being equal, the narrowing of arteries results in such serious illnesses as stroke or heart attack, occurring with increasing frequency as an individual ages.

It is now recognized that arteriosclerosis is the result of many factors, not only genetic but also environmental high blood pressure, high saturated-fat diets, and smoking, the effects of which be come more obvious with the passage of time. It is therefore an age-related, but not a universal aging, process and can thus usually be controlled.

As far as aging is concerned ______.

A．the changes inside human bodies are more important than exterior ones

B．the loss of competence is more significant than that of cells

C．the shrinkage of muscles is more significant than the decline in height

D．the thinning of hair is less important than the wrinkling of skin

严重化脓性感染时出现

A.Howell-Jolly body

B.Dohle body

C.Auer body

D.Russell body

E.abnormal lymphocyte

o drink their blood. Male mosquitoes do not drink blood. They drink fluids from plants. The female mosquito uses its thin sucking tube to break the skin, find blood and inject the victim with a substance that keeps blood flowing.The female mosquito drinks the blood and uses it to produce as many as 250 eggs. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae (幼虫) in two days to a few months. However, some eggs can stay in water for years until conditions are right for development. The larvae feed on organisms in the water. After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures called pupas (蛹). The pupas rise to the surface of the water. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.The World Health Organization (WHO) says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world. The most important disease spread by mosquitoes is malaria (疟疾). The WHO says 247 million people became infected with malaria in 2006. Malaria caused almost one million deaths, mostly among children in Africa. The disease is found in more than one hundred countries in Africa, Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the Middle East and Central and South America.Malaria parasites (寄生虫) enter a person’s blood through a mosquito bite. These organisms travel to the liver. They grow and divide there. After a week or two, the parasites invade red blood cells and reproduce thousands of times. They cause the person’s body temperature to rise. They also may destroy major organs. People with malaria may suffer kidney failure or loss of red blood cells.Some medicines are generally effective in preventing and treating malaria. They are designed to prevent the parasites from developing in the body. People die from malaria because they are not treated for the disease or the treatment is delayed.

(1) According to the passage, we can infer that _________.

A、female mosquitoes don’t bite animals

B、female mosquitoes bite people for a substance that keeps blood flowing

C、malaria is found everywhere in the world

D、countries in Europe and North America have low malaria death rate

(2) What is the right order in which mosquitoes grow？

a. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.

b. The larvae change into creatures called pupas.

c. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.

d. The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae

A、c, a, b, d

B、d, c, b, a

C、c, d, b, a

D、d, b, c, a

(3) According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________.

A、are the food for larvae

B、have led to the death of millions of people in the world

C、invade red blood cells first and then destroy major organs

D、can enter a person’s brain through the mosquito’s bite

(4) According to the passage, malaria medicines are generally designed to _______

A、keep people’s body temperature at a normal level

B、prevent parasites from entering people’s skins

C、stop parasites from growing inside the body

D、stop parasites from invading red blood cells

(5) What is the passage mainly talking about？

A、The growing process of mosquitoes and the diseases spread by them.

B、The medicines used in preventing and treating malaria

C、The kinds of mosquitoes in the world today.

D、The larvae of mosquitoes feed on organisms in the water.

ve would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness (顺从), and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form. and may even determine an individuals behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine (内分泌) glands (腺体) and the bodys changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging. Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior. were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology (内分泌学) as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormones secreting. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal (肠的 ) walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas (胰 ) to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system. The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secreting. Starling derived the word from the Greek hormone, meaning "to excite or set in motion". The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter. "Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine (外分泌)", which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts (导管) to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless glands. The authors main purpose in this passage is to__________.

A.explain the specific functions

B.provide general information about hormones

C.explain how the term "hormone" evolved

D.report on experiments in endocrinology

A.急性溶血

B.慢性溶血

C.溶血尿毒综合征

D.弥漫性血管内凝血

E.血友病甲