题目
根据下列文章,回答41~45题。
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41~45), choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. ______(41)______ .
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.______(42)______ .
In the early 1900s in North America, Germanborn American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology._____(43)______.
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. ______(44)______.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.______(45)______.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
A.Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
B.In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
C.He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
D.They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.
E.Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
F.Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
G.For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred se
请选择(41)处最佳答案()。{Page}
第1题
根据下列文章,回答 41~45 题。
第 41 题 The author says that the powerful computers of today
第2题
根据下列文章,请回答 41~45 题。
Exercise Lowers Employers Health Costs
Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit,researchers reported on Friday.
They said obese(肥胖的)employees had higher health—care costs,but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week—without even losing any weight.
Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23,500 workers al General Motors.
They estimated that getting the most sedentary(惯于久坐的)obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790,000 a year.or about 1.5 percent of health’s—care costs for the whole group.
Company—wide。the potential savings could reach$7.1 million per year,they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Of the whole group of W0水ere。about 30 percent were of normal weight,45 percent were overweight(超重的)。and 25 percent were obese.Annual health cares costs averaged$2,200 for normal weight,$2,400 for the overweight,and$2。700 for obese employees。
But among Workers who did no exercise,health—care costs went up by at least$1 00 a year。and were$3,000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary.
But adding two or more days of light exercise-at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing-lowered costs by on average $500 per employee a year,the researchers found.
第 41 题 How can employees help lower the health-care costs?
A.By taking more rest.
B.By eating less.
C.By exercising a little bit.
D.By saving more money
第3题
根据下列选项,回答 41~45 题:
A.PLT
B.Hb
C.ESR
D.BIL
E.URO
第 41 题 使用甲砜霉素可降低的指标为()
第4题
根据下列文章,请回答 41~45 题。
Florence Nightingale
FlorenceNightingale was born in Florence,Italy, while her wealthy English parents weretraveling in Europe.As a child,she traveled to many places with her family and learnedhow to speak several languages.
WhenNightingale was 17.she told her family that she was going to help sick people.Herparents did not approve,but Nightingale was determined.
Shetraveled to hospitals all over Europe.She saw that doctors were working too hard.Shesaw that patients died because they did not get enough care.Nightingale felt thatwomen could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.
Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more,they needed specialtraining in how to take care of sick people.Nightingale went to a hospital inGermany to study nursing.Then she returned to London and became the head of agroup of women called Gentlewomen During Illness.These women cared for sickpeople in their homes.
In 1854。Englandwas fighting a war with Russia.War reporters wrote about the terribleconditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded.People demanded that somethingbe done about it.A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to takesome nurses into the war hospitals.S0。in November l 854,Nightingale finally gotto work in a hospital.
She took along 38nurses whom she had trained herself.
At first.thedoctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in theirhospitals.They did not believe that women could help.But in fact,the nurses didmake a difference.They worked around the clock,tending the sick.Thanks to theirhard work,many wounded soldiers survived.
Afterthe war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes.Finally, in 1860,shestarted the Nightingale School for Nurses.In time,thanks to FlorenceNightingale,nursing became an important part of medicine.
第 41 题 FlorenceNightingale was born into a rich
A.Italian family.
B.Russian family.
C.Englishfamily
D.German family.
第5题
根据下列选项,回答 41~45 题:
A.安徽
B.陕西
C.四川
D.江西
E.广东
第 41 题 枳壳主产于()。
第6题
根据下列内容,回答 41~45 题:
A.国务院药品监督管理部门
B.省级药品监督管理部门
C.县级及其以上药品监督管理部门
D.县级药品监督管理部门
E.工商行政管理部门
第 41 题 批准开办药品生产企业和药品批发企业的部门是()。
第7题
根据下列文章,请回答 41~45 题。
Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics(糖尿病人)
Most older people with S0—called type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)couldstop taking insulin(胰岛素)if they would do brisk(轻快的)exercise for 30minutes just three times a week,according to new medical research resultsreported in a Copenhagen newspaper.Results from tests conducted on diabeticsat the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalet'S Center for Muscle Researchshowed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to make use ofinsulin by 30 per cent.This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics getfrom their insulin medication(药物治疗)today.
Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and agroup of men with type 2 diabetes,all more than 60 years of age,exercise onbicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctorsmeasured how much sugar the test subjects,muscles could make use of as ameasure for how well their insulin worked.
Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center saidthe tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulinas the healthy non.diabetic persons.“This means that the insulin works just aswell for both groups.Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes,but itcan eliminate almost all their symptoms.At the same time It can put off thepoint at which they have to begin taking insulin.”Dela said.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺),controlling sugar inthe body and is used against diabetes.
Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need onlyexercise to the point where they begin to sweat。but that the activity has to bemaintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.
Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet whileremaining unaware of the importance of exercise。Dela added.
第 41 题 What is the effect of exercise on elderlypeople with type 2 diabetes?
A.It can help the body make betteruse of insulin
B.It can worsen their symptoms.
C.It can help them to eat more.
D.It can cure them of thedisease.
第8题
根据下列选项,回答 41~45 题:
A.钙制剂、维生素D和骨吸收抑制剂的“三联疗法”
B.甲状腺旁激素
C.激素替代治疗
D.双膦酸盐
E.长期服用维生素D
第 41 题 妇女绝经后的骨质疏松应该用()
第9题
根据下列选项,回答 41~45 题:
A.肺肾阴虚
B.肝火犯肺
C.肝肾阴虚
D.肝胃不和
E.肝脾不调
第 41 题 患者症见头晕目眩,耳鸣,胁痛,平日自觉腰膝酸软,夜间睡时汗出,醒则自止,舌红元苔,脉细数,应诊为()。
第10题
根据下列文章,请回答 41~45 题。
Stress at Work and Still Healthy
The term could yet become the word of theyear:stress is on everyone's Lips these days and everywhere.Not only managers,officialsand teachers are complaining nowadays。housewives,children and pensioners nowalso have their own problems.They too scantier themselves for others.feelunder-or overworked and quickly Lose their inner balance.Irritation。tirednessand exhaustion、quickly follow.But that is only the negative aspect.Stress。afterall。is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life.tension and vitality(活力).
“Firstly, stress is healthy。”says WolfgangStetting from Eltvelle The doctor and management consult;ant says:“It occurswhen the body Loses its inner balance。but then stress hormones are produced tore—establish the balance.”Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reactionof the body to pressure.1t is unavoidable as part of our nature:“There is nosuch thing as a stress.free life.”
But whether stress Leads to tensions inthe mind or.to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration(持续时间)。its causeor causes and the sufferer's personal situation.People who have troublesleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of theworld and will take every little strife as negative stress。Others.people who feelrefreshed at every new turn,are relaxed and successful,will view a difficultround of negotiators or competition at work more as a positive challenge than across to bear.
Exercise,healthy eating and relaxation arethus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time。Thesefactors form. a unit。explains Marital Volker-Albert。spokeswoman for thegovernment's Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne.Its campaign” GutDrauf"(Feeling Good)is targeted at young people.The government agency'sresearch suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired,overtaxed。(负担过重)andunder stress.Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines(偏头痛)and indigestion(消化不良)。Nervousnessand concentration problems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds.
But even the best solutions don't work ifthey are not put into practice,says Stehling.Anybody who goes joggingregularly, practices yoga(瑜伽功)and presences good literature as a cure fornegative stress,may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find thetime for it all.Sometimes.says the consultant。it helps to take time out toreduce stress Levels over a weekend.
第 41 题 Whichof the following is NOT a correct view on stress?
A.Stress has both positive and negativeaspects.
B.Stress is only a positive reaction ofthe body to pressure.
C.Stress is unavoidable as part of ournature.
D.Stress only leads to serious problems.
第11题
根据下列选项,回答 41~45 题:
A.人丹
B.清凉油
C.广东凉茶
D.十滴软胶囊
E.藿香正气软胶囊
第 41 题 解热解暑,祛湿生津的药是()
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